310 Grammar summary
Surnames
Masculine Feminine Plural
Nominative Гу�ров Гу�poва Гу�ровы
Accusative Гу�рoва Гу�ровy Гу�ровых
Genitive Гу�рова Гу�ровой Гу�ровых
Dative Гу�ровy Гу�ровой Гу�ровым
Instrumental Гу�ровым Гу�ровой Гу�ровыми
Prepositional Гу�рoве Гу�ровой Гу�ровых
Note: Surnames ending in -ёв, -ин and -ын follow a similar pattern to
the above. Surnames which have adjective endings, e.g. Чaйко�вский,
decline like adjectives.Verbs
Each Russian verb has two stems: an infinitive and a present/future
stem. The infinitive stem (usually infinitive minus ть) is used to form the
past tense and past participles. The present/future stem is used to form
the present tense, perfective future and imperative. It can be identified
by removing the last two letters from the third person plural (они� form)
of the present/future perfective. In some verbs the two stems are the
same. Where the two stems are the same the present/perfective future
can easily be formed by reference to the infinitive.Present tense
1st conjugation
REGULAR VERBS (VERBS WITH THE SAME PRESENT AND INFINITIVE STEM)
Infinitives end in -ать or -ять. Remove the -ть from the infinitive and
add the endings: -ю, -ешь, -ет, -ем, -ете, -ют:рабо�тать ‘to work’ объясня�ть ‘to explain’
я рабо�та-ю я объясня�-ю
ты рабо�та-ешь ты объясня�-ешь
он/она�/оно� рабо�та-eт он/она�/оно� объясня�-eт
мы рабо�та-eм мы объясня�-eм
вы рабо�та-eте вы объясня�-eте
они� рабо�та-ют они� объясня�-ют