INDEx • 277Jewish Legion, 123
Jewish medieval literature, 60
Jewish nationalism, 15; birth of modern,
3; and M. R. al-Khalidi, 8, 40, 61; and
Yusuf Diyaʾal-Khalidi, 89; and Mendels-
sohn’s theory, 54–56; and Moyal, 199;
non-Palestinocentric, 89; rabinnic con-
sensus about, 60–64, 66, 91; and Re-
form movement, 229. See also Zionism
Jewish nationality, 63, 64
Jewish National Library in Jerusalem,
46n26
Jewish Oral Law, 199, 203, 213–14, 216,
219
Jewish philosophy, 150
Jewish Reform movement, 59–60n74,
90–91
Jewish state, in antiquity, 168
Jewish territorialism, 89, 90, 91
Jews: antique national past of, 40, 199;
Arab fear of, 184; in Arabian Peninsula,
156; in Arab lands before Islam, 149,
150; Arab-like, 114; in Arab medieval
culture, 143; Arab potential proved by,
146–49; and Arab rule, 149–50, 158;
Arabs as racially linked to, 6, 133, 143–
50, 240; Arab toleration of, 158; as
Arab tribe, 145; assimilation by west-
ern, 86–87; and biblical Israelites, 51;
destitution of, 151, 162; Eastern Euro-
pean, 91; Eastern vs. western European,
86–89; and economy, 71; emancipation
of, 58–59; envy of, 230, 231; and fella-
hin, 124–26; and fertility, 80, 85, 162;
and First vs. Second Aliyah, 34; gentiles
as exploited by, 84; and Greeks, 209;
and happiness in Zion, 75, 80; home-
lessness of, 173–75, 182; and Karaites,
113; and Yusuf Diyaʾal-Khalidi, 89;
Landfresser (landgrabber) myth of,
88n166; land purchases by, 24, 165,
167; laws on occupations of, 81–82;
and loyalty to states, 58, 59, 228–29;
and manufacture, 82, 146, 223, 230;
and messiah, 59, 163; Middle Eastern-
born, 10, 114, 188–89, 200; as
monotheists, 119, 121, 222, 224, 225,
226, 227; as mustaʿribūn, 36; as nation,
66, 89, 91, 138–39; as nondiscrimina-
tory against non-Jews, 204–5; and old
vs. new yishuv, 33–34; and prophecy,
77–80; as race, 31, 138, 139–43; racial
solidarity and religious bond of, 153,
154; as religion, 66, 89, 91, 138–39,
142, 155; and religious government,
165; return from Babylonian exile, 54;
and ritual murder, 159–61, 201–3; in
science and politics, 156; and sciences
and arts, 146, 230; self-love of, 153–54,
156; and shame, 151, 162; and usury,
166; in Western countries, 183; workers
for, 84; of Yathrib, 231; and Young
Turk Revolution, 165; and J. Zaydan,
143–44. See also antisemitism; Arabic
readers/speakers; Arab Jews; Ashke-
nazim; Christianity; Christians; Egypt;
Islam; Israelites; Judaism; al-Khalidi,
Muhammad Ruhi; Muslims; Ottoman
Empire; Palestine; rabbis; Russia; Sep-
hardim; Spain; Talmud; Torah; Zionism
jihād, 153, 214, 246
Johnson, Mark, 95
Jonah, 216
Jordan Valley, 88
Josephus, 171, 219
Joshua ben Perahiah, 207, 208
Judah ha-Nasi, 213
Judaism: and afterlife, 71–73, 75–76,
88–89, 162, 204, 205, 227, 235; in
Arabian Peninsula, 144; in Arabic intel-
lectual journals, 9; books in Arabic
about, 198; and Christianity, 50, 75,
205–10, 215–16, 221, 226, 227, 235–
36; and construction of Palestinian
Arab national identity, 235; defense of
against defamation, 159–61; and disen-
tanglement from Jewish nationality,
55–56; and divine judgment, 71–73,
75–76; divisions within, 227–28; and
essential sameness of all religions, 222,
224; Hellenized, 208–10; and human
sacrifice, 201, 202, 223, 224; and