282 • INDEx
Palestine Exploration Fund, 170
Palestine Liberation Organization, 62n89
Palestine National Council, 247; Declara-
tion of Independence, 245n33
Palestine Office, 11
Palestine Order in Council, 238
Palestinian Arabic press. See Arabic press;
al-Karmil; an-Nafīr
Palestinian Arab nationalism, 3, 7, 18, 35,
75, 235–37
Palestinian National Charter, 245n33, 247
Palestinian peasants, 125
Palestinians (Palestinian Arabs), 2, 148–
49, 245–47; as Christians and Muslims
distinguished from Jews, 236; and early
opposition to Zionism, 39n2; and
Hamas, 246; intellectuals among partic-
ipating in broader Arab discourse, 135–
36; and nationalism and national iden-
tity, 3, 7, 18, 35, 75, 235–37; origins of
according to Ben-Zvi, 123–26; and par-
liamentary elections, 246; question
about existence of, 1; as term, 35n76.
See also Arabs; Christian Arabs; Chris-
tians; Israeli-Palestinian conflict; Mus-
lim Arabs; Muslims
Pan-Islamism, 25
Pan-Ottomanism, 25
Pan-Turkism, 25
Paris Disputation of 1240, 208n86
Paris Peace Conference, 242
Paris Sanhedrin of 1807, 62
Paris system, 242–43
Paul the Apostle, 209
Penslar, Derek, 84n157, 88nn166, 167
People of the Book, 72, 224, 225, 226
Petah Tikva, 33
Petrie, W. M. Flinders, Researches in Sinai,
169–70
Pharisees, 88n167, 149
Philadelphia Conference of 1869, 62
Philo of Alexandria, 81, 209–10
Pinsker, Leon, Autoemancipation, 228n169
Pirkei avot (“Ethics of the Fathers”), 199,
200, 203–4, 205, 206, 207, 210, 212–
13, 214–15
Pittsburgh Conference of 1885, 62
Pius x, 237n8
Plato, 209
Poʿalei Ẓiyon (Workers of Zion) Party, 96,
120, 123
ha-Poʿel ha-ẓaʿir, 117, 126–27
Poland, 243
polemic: antisemitic, 228; Arab, 202;
against Islam, 118; and Islam, 164;
Islam and anti-Jewish, 162; Islamic-
Jewish, 43, 70; and M. R. al-Khalidi,
43, 48; and Moyal, 199, 202, 203, 206,
208, 209, 212, 220; Muslim-Christian,
73–74; Muslim-Jewish, 72–73
Powell, Eve Troutt, 28
Protestant missionaries, 171n126
Protestants, 33, 158, 159. See also
Christians
Protocols of the Elders of Zion, 247
Prussia, 29
Ptolemy II Philadelphus, 212qāḍī/quḍāh, 32
al-Qassam, ʿIzz ad-Din, 240
qawmiyya, 55n56
al-Quds, 16, 26, 50
Qurʾan, 18, 71, 133; afterlife and divine
judgment in, 72–73; and Christianity,
73–74; and Jewish rule in Palestine,
167; and M. R. al-Khalidi, 235; and
N. Malul, 224–25; and al-Manār, 151,
154, 161, 162; Muslim faithfulness to,
163; revelation in, 77, 78; and Rida,
161, 162, 163, 166, 168; and Salafis, 65Rabbanites, 225
rabbis, 19, 66, 149; as forbidding Zion-
ism, 60–64; and hahambaşi, 19, 36; and
M. R. al-Khalidi, 60–63; and Mendels-
sohn, 60–63; and Moses, 79n141; and
Moyal, 199; and Reform Jews, 62–63;
and Talmud, 203
race, 235; and ʿAbboud, 236, 238; and
Akçura, 25; and antisemitism, 85, 182;
in Arabic intellectual journals, 9; and
Arabic journals, 26–28; and Arabs, 13;