284 • INDEx
Rumania, 143
Ruppin, Arthur, 191n28, 192
Russia, 29, 91, 92; antisemitism in, 70,
82–85, 173; de Hirsch’s negotiations of
1892 with, 91; Jewish immigration
from, 193; Jews in, 82, 183; oppression
of Jews in, 83, 143, 165; and represen-
tation of non-Muslims in Ottoman
lands, 21
Russian Christians, 70
Russian Jews, 21, 193
Russian Revolution, 231
Russkoe znamia, 110
Ryad, Umar, 227n163
Sabbateans, 53, 70
Sadducees, 149
Safed, 33, 53, 97
Ṣahyūn (Zion), 49, 50
as-salaf aṣ-ṣāliḥ (worthy ancestors), 65
Salafis, 65
Samaria, 170
Samaritan Bible, 212
Samaritans, 124
as-Samawʾal, Silencing the Jews, 79
Samson, 170
Samuel bin Hofni, 149
Samuel the Prophet, 144
Sanhedrin, 213n103
Sarruf, Yaʿqub, 134
Ṣawt al-ʿuthmāniyya (The Voice of Otto-
manism), 197, 218
Schwartz, Shuly Rubin, 42n12
Second Aliyah, 34, 95, 96, 101, 120, 123,
186
Second Aliyah Zionists, 125
sectarianism, 22
secularism, 8, 57; and Ben-Yehuda, 1;
in ha-Ḥerut, 99; and Israel, 246; and
Israeli-Palestinian conflict, 245–46;
and M. R. al-Khalidi, 1, 44; and Tan-
zimat, 21
secularization theory, 13
sefaradi, 36
Sehayik, Shaʾul, 134n9
Selim II, 22n23
Semites, 6, 7, 140–41
Semitic nations, 148
Sephardim, 34, 36, 95, 96, 103, 121, 185;
and Agudat ha-Magen, 194; and Arabic,
9, 188–89, 192; and ascama, 67; and
Ashkenazim, 100, 195; attitude toward
Arabs, 126–30; and creation of Arabic
newspaper, 197–98; and ha-Ḥerut, 97–
98; and Islamic religious tolerance, 118–
20; and M. R. al-Khalidi, 62; and Zion-
ists’ self-conceptions, 94. See also Jews
sex, 245n33
shaʿb, 174, 176n146, 218
Shāfiʿī madhhab (jurisprudential school),
32
ash-Shahrastani, Abu al-Fath Muhammad
ibn ʿAbd al-Karim, 71; Kitāb al-milal
wa-n-niḥal, 72, 225, 226, 227
El Shakry, Omnia, 28
sharīʿa, 61n80
sharīʿa (Islamic religious) courts, 21
Sharon, Ariel, 246
shaykh al-islām, 32, 44
shemaʿ, 214
Shiites, 25, 32
ha-Shiloaḥ, 231, 233
Shimon bar Yoḥai, 216
ha-Shomer, 123
Simon the Maccabee, 170
Sinai Peninsula, 88
Sixtus V, 158
Smilansky, Moshe, 187–88
Smith, A. D., 8n13
Smolenskin, Peretz, 56n63
Social Darwinism, 139
socialism, 34, 95, 96, 127
Socialist Zionists, 120–26
Society for the Promotion of Christianity
among the Jews (SPCJ), 117
Solomon, 49, 168, 172
South African apartheid, 247
Spain, 29; expulsion of Jews from, 53,
150; oppression of Jews in, 165; tolera-
tion of Jews in, 158
Spanish Inquisition, 118, 119, 230
State of Israel, 34, 96