INDEx • 285Stillman, Norman A., 23n27
Suares, Felix, 146, 148, 176–77
Sudan, 28
Suez, 131
Sunna, 65
Sunni Muslims, 1, 25, 213; estimates of
population of, 32; and M. R. al-Khalidi,
63, 64; and millet system, 22
Supreme Muslim Council (al-Majlis al-
islāmī al-aʿlā), 239
Syria, 139, 144, 242; as context of Jerusa-
lem, 7; and intellectual and cultural
orbit of, 26; Islamic conquest of, 165;
Jews in, 156; Ottoman vilayet of, 16,
17; and race, 29
Syrian Catholics, 33
Syrian Orthodox, 33
Syrian press, 194
Syrian Protestant College (SPC), 26–27,
171n126
Syrians, 124, 148–49
taʿaṣṣub, 84
at-Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir, 152
taḥrīf, 211–13
Talmud, 60, 64, 77, 79n141; and antise-
mitic polemic, 228; and Arab polemic,
202; Christian attacks on ethics of, 206;
and Christianity, 205–10; and hope of
return to Holy Land, 70; and human
sacrifice, 201, 202, 223, 224; and
Islam, 210–16; and M. R. al-Khalidi, 46,
52; and Moyal, 11, 208; as privileging
Jews over non-Jews, 204; and ritual
murder, 201–3; and J. Zaydan, 11, 203.
See also Moyal, Shimon: at-Talmūd
Tamari, Salim, 37
Tanzimat (Reorganizations of 1839–
1876), 20–23, 24, 25
at-tashabbuh, 55n57
Tauber, Eliezer, 217n124
Tavernier, Eugene, 147
Taylor, Charles, 57
Temple, 78, 217; destruction of, 179–80,
225; and M. R. al-Khalidi, 52; Second,
218; of Solomon, 166
Temple Mount, 52n52, 240, 246
Temple of Onias, 208, 210
Tiberias, 33, 97
Tishʿah be-Av, 240
Titus, 180, 225, 229
Torah, 60, 79n141; Babylonian terms in,
164; as corrupted, 164, 166; divinity
and antiquity of, 77–80; and Ezra the
Scribe, 78, 79; Jews as unfaithful to,
161, 163–64; and M. R. al-Khalidi, 71,
161–62, 235; and Last Day, 162;
Makaryus on, 173; and N. Malul, 225;
marginal notes in, 164; and Moyal,
206, 206n78, 209; and Muhammad,
164; and Rida, 161, 162, 163–64, 166,
169; and ritual murder, 160; and Sep-
tuagint, 212. See also Bible, Hebrew
Torquemada, Tomás de, 118
Tosefta, 204
translation, 185–86, 232; of antisemitic
works, 228–29; and antisemitism, 233;
of antitalmudic texts, 202; of anti-
Zionist Arabic press, 191, 192; and at-
tempt to influence Arabic press, 187;
and books in Arabic about Judaism,
198; and M. R. al-Khalidi, 46, 48, 68–
69; and Nassar, 11; and theories of
Venuti, 68–69
Treaty of Sevres, 242, 243
Treaty of Trianon, 242–43
Tripoli, 43, 202
tritheism, 74
Triwaks, A.B.G., “Jesus of Nazareth Never
Existed,” 115–16
Türk, 25
Turkey, 120–21, 242, 243
Turkish nationalism, 25
Turks, 139ʿUmar, 124
Umayyads, 156, 230, 231
umma/umam, 63, 174
United Nations General Assembly: Resolu-
tion 181, 245n33; Resolution 3379,
246–47
Urabi movement, 220