McWilliams, Edmund, 151
Meier, Andrew, 236
Mello, Sergio Vieira de, 247
Mendelson, Sarah E., 129, 132–3, 162
Mengele, Josef, 240
Meray, Tibor, 24
Meshrano Jirgah, 256
Mestiri, Mahmoud, 210, 211–12, 247,
256
Metcalf, Barbara D., 225
Michel, Louis, 275
Migdal, Joel S., 13–14
Miles, Michael, 154
Milishia-i Sahardi, 109
military aid
UK, 81
USA, 79, 80, 187–8
Soviet, 21, 138, 139, 169, 187–8
militias, 108–14, 202
atrocities, 204–5
eastern and southern Afghanistan,
110–12
Hazarajat, The, 114
Najibullah regime, 170–1
northern Afghanistan and the
Panjsher Valley, 112–14
western Afghanistan, 112
Rabbani government, 202
Miller, John H., 39, 103, 115
Miller, Marty, 245
Miller, Robert F., 128
Miller, William H., 67
mines, 50–1, 144, 180
missiles
SCUD, 169–70
Stinger, 80, 170
Tomahawk, 247, 248–9, 262
Misra, Neelesh, 256
Mitrokhin, Vasili, 34
Moghadam, Valentine M., 155
Mohaqqeq, Ustad, 265
Mohseni, Asif, 64, 178, 187, 229
Mojadiddi, Hashmatullah, 187
Mojadiddi, Sebghatullah, 63, 149, 150,
183, 190, 192, 197, 198, 202, 203,
274
Momen, Abdul, 188
Momen, Moojan, 9
monarchy, 11–13, 16
Monjo, John C., 220
Moore, Molly, 264
Moshref, Rameen, 222
Mousavi, Sayed Askar, 8, 205
Muggeridge, Malcolm, 30
Muhammad, Atta, Commander, 265
Muhammad, Faiz, 97
Muhammad, Nazar, 94, 118
Muhammad, Qari Din, 247
Muhammadi, Muhammad Nabi, 63, 88,
150, 151, 183, 187, 224
Mujahideen , 59, 61, 111, 179, 199, 217
generic term for resistance, 59
clashes Western Afghanistan, 89
fracturing of, 174–7
Herat attack, 172
Soviet withdrawal, 148–51
US support for, 78–80
see alsoAfghan resistance, militias
Musharraf, Pervez, 222, 259–60, 264,
267, 281
Muttawakil, Wakil Ahmad, 255
Myers, Richard B., 258
Mzhavanadze, Vasilii, 115Naby, Eden, 228
Nadir Shah, 13
Nadiri, Sayed Mansur, 170, 180, 188
Nägler, Horst, 10
Nahrin, 113, 265
Najibullah, Dr, 4, 28, 95, 98–9, 101,
109, 110, 113, 117–19, 120, 121,
122, 123–4, 125, 133, 137, 145,
146, 149, 151, 158, 162, 168–93,
198, 205, 207, 218, 236–7
Najibullah regime
cessation of US and USSR aid, 187–8332 Index