Premodern Trade in World History - Richard L. Smith

Indian Ocean 90; nomadic pastoralists
125; Phoenicians 63–64, 72; Roman
Empire 78, 83; Sardinia source 59;
Southeast Asia 114; Spain source 55;
Sumer deficient in 25; Troy emporium
for 61
metics 72
middlemen 25, 34, 84, 104, 107, 131;
Arab 87, 92, 102; Dilmunites 32, 36;
Greeks 69, 71; Indian 95; and
misinformation 9; Nubians 44;
Phoenicians 72; Roman Empire 77, 81
Minimalists 61– 62
Minoans 56–57, 67;see alsoCrete
Mohenjo-Daro 33, 35
Moluccas IslandsseeSpice Islands
moneylending and banking: Greece 72–73;
Old Assyrian-Cappadocian system
30 – 31; Roman Empire 79
Mongol Empire 139
Mongolia 6, 111, 125, 127, 130, 134
monsoons 86–88, 104, 107, 114– 15
Morocco 14, 65–66, 138
Moses 91
Mozambique 103
Mu 121
murex 47, 65, 95
Musiris 107– 8
musk 121
Muza 102, 104
Mycenaeans 57–62, 64–65, 67;see also
Greece and Greeks
Myos Hormos 90, 99
myrrh 45, 90, 93, 95–96, 102–4, 115, 117

Nabataeans 101– 2
Naples, Bay of 68, 76
Naran-SinseeAkkadian Empire
nard (spikenard) 93, 95–96, 106– 8
Narmada River and valley 34, 85, 105– 6
Natufians 19
Naucratis 71, 73see alsoEgypt and
Egyptians
Neanderthal 13
Nearchus 105
Necho II 50, 66
Nefertiti 55
Neleynda 107
Neolithic period 14–15, 19, 79, 85; amber
21; obsidian 20; Proto-Silk Road 134;
societies 17
New Guinea 112

Niger River 75

Nile River and valley 6, 19, 40, 42, 99,

100

nomadic pastoralists 125–26, 135, 139

Norway 69

Nubia 38, 40, 42–44, 58, 75, 80

nutmeg 115, 117, 119

obsidian 15, 19–21, 37, 40, 56, 59, 143

Oc Eo 115, 120

ocher 14, 33, 45

Odyssey60, 67

Olbia 71

olive oil 3, 11, 25, 40, 47,108; Greece

71 – 72, 74, Massilia 69; Minoan 56;

Mycenaean 58; Phoenician 64; Pliny on

11; Roman Empire 76, 78–80, 83

Onesicritus 85, 107

Ophir 49– 50

opium 56

Ordos region 134

orpiment 54

ostrich products: eggshell 54, 57, 61;

feathers 139

Oxus River and valley 34, 39, 127

Pakistan 33

Palembang 119

Paleolithic period 13–14, 20

Palestine 40– 41

Palmorala 20

Pamir Mountains 34, 132

papyrus 8, 47, 49, 57, 71, 85

Parthian Empire 75, 88, 118

partnerships 77

Pausanias 136

pearls: Ceylon source 94, 107; China import

136; India source 94, 107–8; Persian

Gulf source 32, 94, 104

peddlers and peddling 15, 31, 77, 124

pentekontors 67

pepper and peppercorns 85, 95, 115, 140;

black 107; Java export 119; long 106;

Roman Empire import 91–92, 96;

Southeast Asia export 117; West Africa

malaguette export 139

perfume 36, 41, 43, 47, 56; Carthage

export 66; China import 136; cinnamon

92; civet 139; Corinth 71; Egypt export

87; Funan 115; Indian Ocean 90; nard

93; Phoenician 64

peridot 95, 106

156 Index