Notes to Pages 91–93
- M. Şükrü Haniogˇlu, The Young Turks in Opposition (New York: Oxford
University Press, 1995 ), 4. - Ernest Ramsaur refers to him as “Selânikli Nazım” and explains that this
was because he was “a resident of Salonika.” But the reason the organization’s
founder, İbrahim Temo (upon whose World War II–era memoir Ramsaur bases
his history) called him Salonikan was because he was a Dönme. By World War II,
“Salonikan” was equated with “Dönme.” Ramsaur, Young Turks, 15 ; and İbrahim
Temo, İttihad ve Terakki Cemiyetinin teşekülü ve hidematı vataniye ve inkılâbı
milliye dair hatıratım (Medgidia, Romania: n.p., 1939 ), 16 – 18 ; and Mehmet Zeki
Pakalın, “Dönme,” Osmanlı tarih deyimleri ve terimleri sözlügˇü (Istanbul: Milli
Egˇitim Basımevi, 1946 ), 474. - Ramsaur, Young Turks, 24.
- Haniogˇlu, Young Turks in Opposition, 200.
- Ibid., 202 – 3 ; Ramsaur, Young Turks, 90 – 91.
- M. Şükrü Haniogˇlu, Preparation for a Revolution: The Young Turks, 1902 –
1908 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001 ), 306. - Haniogˇlu, Young Turks in Opposition, 18 – 23 , 71.
- Ibid., 208 – 9. Demolins’s work was entitled A quoi tient la supériorité des
Anglo-Saxons? [To What Is Anglo-Saxon Superiority Due?] (Paris: Firmin-Didot,
1897 ) and claimed that the secret lay in British and American governmental de-
centralization and individualism, or private initiative. See also Ramsaur, Young
Turks, 81 – 87. - Yusuf Akçura, “Üç Tarz-ı Siyaset,” Türk, no. 24 (April 14 , 1904 ): 1 , quoted
in Haniogˇlu, Preparation for a Revolution, 67. - Haniogˇlu, Young Turks in Opposition, 210 ; id., Preparation for a Revolution,
40 – 41. The Armenians, it was claimed, had “done nothing for the maintenance
of the common fatherland” and had “not shed a drop of blood to this end.” Sami
Paşazade Sezai, “Ermeni mes’elesi,” Şûra-yı Ümmet, no. 57 (August 13 , 1904 ):
120 , quoted in Haniogˇlu, Preparation for a Revolution, 42. Moreover, “The for-
tunes that they have made, the arts that they have mastered all arise from the
fact that they have lived at our expense.” Ulugˇ, “Ermeniler,” Türk, no. 110 (n.d.
[ 1906 ?]): 2 , quoted in Haniogˇlu, Preparation for a Revolution, 69. - Haniogˇlu, Young Turks in Opposition, 211 , 216.
- Ibid., 168.
- Ibid., 53. See also Ramsaur, Young Turks, 109 – 113. He also mentions the
Melami order’s role. - Irène Melikoff, “L’ordre des Bektaşi après 1826 ,” Turcica 15 ( 1983 ): 155 –
- Quoted in Ramsaur, Young Turks, 113.
- Haniogˇlu, Young Turks in Opposition, 54.
- Ibid., 54 – 65