influence in journalism and how it affects the
workings of democracy.
McPherson, James Brian.Journalism at the End of the
American Centur y, 1965 to the Present.Westport,
Conn.: Praeger, 2006. McPherson deals with both
the best and the worst aspects of American jour-
nalism since 1965. The book emphasizes that tra-
ditional journalistic values have diminished in
importance, not just for those who control the
media but also for media consumers who need
good journalism.
Meritt, W. Davis “Buzz,” Jr.Public Journalism and Public
Life: Why Telling the News Is Not Enough.2ded.
Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,
- This edition develops the philosophy of pub-
lic journalism, responds to articles against it, and
explains the importance of public deliberation
and the role of certain values in public journalism.
Perry, David K.The Roots of Civic Journalism: Darwin,
Dewey, and Mead.Lanham, Md.: University Press
of America, 2003. Discusses the philosophical
roots of the civic journalism movement, focusing
on the ideas of Charles Darwin, John Dewey, and
George H. Mead.
Rosen, Jay.What Are Journalists For?New Haven,
Conn.: Yale University Press, 2001. Although sev-
eral powerful news organizations such asThe New
York Timeshave criticized public journalism for
abandoning the traditional goal of objective re-
porting, Rosen, one of the founders of the public
journalism movement, believes that the movement
may help newspapers in a time of decreasing read-
ership as well as advance the common good.
Sheila Golburgh Johnson
See also Advertising; Brokaw, Tom; Business and
the economy in the United States; Cable television;
CNN; Craft, Christine; Jennings, Peter; Liberalism in
U.S. politics; Network anchors; Pauley, Jane; Rather,
Dan; Rivera, Geraldo; Tabloid television; Television.
Journey
Identification American mainstream rock band
Date Formed in 1973
Despite being labeled as a faceless rock group, Journey
achieved success by cultivating a loyal fan base that was de-
voted to their type of mainstream hard rock.
By late 1980, Journey was performing with only two
of its original members, lead guitarist Neal Schon
and bassist Ross Valory. Earlier departures of several
band members and the addition of new personnel
had resulted in a shift away from their early jazz-rock
style, which had emphasized solo improvisation. In-
stead, the group developed a more pop-oriented,
ensemble sound. This change of style included the
introduction of romantic ballads featuring a power-
ful new lead singer, Steve Perry.
Journey’s 1980 album,Departure, was aptly titled,
because it marked a turning point in the band’s
commercial success, ranking number eight on the
album charts. “Any Way You Want It” became a Top
25 single, and the group established a legion of de-
voted fans. Jonathan Cain, an accomplished song-
writer, joined Journey as the new keyboard player
in 1980. His addition proved to be a catalyst for
added commercial success.Escape(1981) climbed to
a number-one ranking, and it spawned three top
U.S. hit singles, “Who’s Crying Now,” “Don’t Stop
Believin’,” and “Open Arms.” The following album,
Frontiers(1983), also demonstrated mass appeal, be-
coming entrenched as number two on theBillboard
200 chart for nine weeks. The newfound success of
Journey was directly attributable to Cain’s ability to
write songs with meaningful, hopeful messages and
vocalist Perry’s unique tenor voice, which conveyed
these messages.
Critics were less enthusiastic about Journey than
were their fans. The band was categorized as a mem-
ber of “corporate rock” or described as a “faceless
band,” along with such similar groups as Boston,
Foreigner, Survivor, and others. Band members did
not promote their individual personalities as did the
decade’s superstars; as a result, they went largely un-
noticed, except by loyal fans. Despite the criticism,
Journey continued to perform and record a number
of film sound tracks during the decade. In 1982,
Journey recorded two tracks for the Disney film
Tron.Later that year, two video games featuring the
band were developed by Atari,Journey Arcadeand
Journey Escape, the first video games honoring a rock
band.
In 1984, Steve Perry released a solo recording ti-
tledStreet Talk. Creative differences caused longtime
members Valory (bass) and Steve Smith (drums) to
depart, and they were replaced by studio musicians
for a 1986 albumRaised on Radio. Only three Journey
members remained at this point: Perry, Schon, and554 Journey The Eighties in America