index 309
Ghazna 108, 128n300
Ghiyāth al-dīn see Özbek
Ghizolfi, Buscarello de’, Genoese
ambassador 87n121,117, 120n264
Gibelet 79n85
Gilan 102
Giustiniani, Agostino, Genoese chronicler
153n35
Goa 17
Golden Horde 3,12n37, 17, 18, 30, 42–44,
100, 103, 112, 174, 188, 193, 241, 247, 255
anti-Genoese reprisals 171
anti-Mongol insurgency 223
attempts to recover Tabriz 89
birth 43, 145
Black Sea policy 90, 141, 150
burn Moscow 234, 236
calamities 167
campaigns in
Poland 250
Transylvania 250, 273
conflict with the Ilkhanate 7n19, 89
crisis 19, 219, 220
decline 112, 124, 212–214, 217–219, 222,
223, 262
economy 18
internal conflicts 163, 251, 252, 259
invasion of Transoxiana 240
Islamic revival 176
isolation in steppes 148, 175
Jochid successor states 1
meeting in Constantinople 90
plague 213, 263
principle of legitimacy 253
reconciliation of Western and eastern
parts 231, 232
relations with neighbours 45
restoration 225
rights over Khorasan and Central
Asia 53
settlement in the steppe 44
shared power 250
South-West frontier 248
successor to the Mongol empire 35
suzerainty over Wallachia 275, 276
treaty of 1347 with Venice 31
tribute from Russians 234
vassals in Iran 47
war with Russians 233
see also Mongols
Goths 146
Gothia, coastal region of Crimea
210n265, 228, 229
revolt against Caffa 238
Greeks 110
in Soldaia 109, 193
merchants 144
paying rent in Caffa 186
Gregoras, nicephorus, Byzantine historian
92n140, 138n342, 153n35, 155n48,
203n243, 249n425, 257n462, 263n490,
270
Grimaldi, Gentile dei, Genovese
ambassador 235n366, 238
Guercio, Guglielmo, Genoese podestà in
Constantinople 243
Guren 274
Guthrie, Maria, englishwoman in Russia
153n35
Güyük, great khan 49, 51, 54Haemus 249
Halych-Volyn’ 256
Hama 57n96
Hamadan 47
Ḥamd Allāh Qazwīnī, Persian historian
67n34
Hammāl, merchant of Meragha 38
harem 258
Harran 57n95
Ḥasan Choban, ruler in Iran 138
Henry II, king of Cyprus 86
Herat 38
Hethum, king of Cilician Armenia 54n83,
73
vassal to Hülegü 56
envoys to Abaqa 72
Hethum II, King of Cilician Armenia 81,
85, 116n244
Heyd, Wilhelm, German historian 6
Hindu Kush 108
Holy Sepulchre 33
Homs, battle 71, 74, 75
Hormuz, principality of 17n55
Hülegü, ilkhan 10n25, 56, 57, 62–64, 70,
74, 90, 93, 96, 242–244
agreement with Byzantium 243, 245
blocking the Straits 141n2, 149
campaign for near and Middle east
54, 58
conflict with Berke 65n25, 66, 148, 149,
175, 247
conquests
Aleppo 70
nusaybin 57n95
control over Silk Road 59, 97
death 247
defeat by Berke 67n34