310 index
execution of Berke’s envoys to Persia
67
“nationalisation” of Tabriz 65
proclaimed ruler of Persia 59, 64, 241
successors 60
Hungary 43, 255, 256, 277, 278
Iacopo, Bartolomeo di, consul of Caffa
235n366
Iaik (= Ural) river 261
Ianibech see Janibek
Ianua see Genoa
Ibn ‛Abd al-Ẓāhir, Mamluk dignitary and
chronicler 66n27, 76, 82n101, 84,
85n111, 90n131, 91n37, 243n401, 244
Ibn al-Athīr, Arab historian 47, 142, 143,
147
Ibn al-dawādarī, Mamluk chronicler
74n61, 178n140, 189n189
Ibn al-Furāt, Mamluk chronicler 85n114
Ibn al-Wardī, Mamluk chronicler
201n237
Ibn ‛Arabshāh, Aḥmad, Arab historian
112
Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, Arab traveller 49n52,
102n179, 108n210, 109–111, 127, 184n160,
193n202, 194n205, 265
Ibn Bībī, Seljuk historian 241n392,
245n408, 249n425
Ibn duqmāq, Mamluk chronicler 171n110,
173n115, 176n126, 187n182, 188n184,
189n190, 190n194, 191n197, 265n497
Ibn Kathīr, Mamluk chronicler 65n24,
67n34
Ibn Khaldūn, Arab historian 167n94,
173n118, 237n372, 241n392, 262n481
Ibn Wāṣil, Mamluk chronicler 67n34
Ilbasar, son of Toqta 164, 261, 262n481
Ilkhanate (= Mongol state in Persia)
3, 5, 32, 241
anarchy 200
attempt to block Straits 97, 141
Black Sea policy 141
blockade 33, 34
campaigns against the Mamluk sultan
34, 123
commercial policy 134, 137
creation 59
conflict with
Golden Horde 7n19, 89
Mamluk sultanate 35, 60, 70, 89,
255
Möngke Temür 255
collapse 29, 138, 199
legitimation of 61
successor to the Mongol empire 35
taxes on trade 136
trade policies 124
usurpation 62
Ilkhans 34, 59, 61n5, 62, 64, 69, 72, 74, 88,
136, 137, 139n346, 143n10, 190
Ilyas Bey, Mongol governor of Crimea
230, 231, 234, 235n366, 237n372,
239n382
inak 232n350
Inalchïk, governor of Otrar 40
India 15, 16, 23, 48, 80n91, 83n105, 87, 101,
102n179, 108, 113n229, 121n275, 126–138,
131
Indian Ocean 16, 17n55, 20, 21, 23, 34,
35, 46, 49, 56, 59, 69n40, 79, 83, 84, 86,
87, 120, 122, 123, 127, 128, 133, 136n336,
137n338, 195
Innocent IV, pope 45n34
Innocent VI, pope 218n296
Iran 3, 22, 28, 41–43, 46–49, 52, 56, 63,
69, 102n180, 112, 114
eastern 38, 52, 72
Mongol tax system 50
See also Ilkhanate
Iraq 22, 30n98, 34, 46n37, 54, 58, 67, 110,
122, 143
Chobanid rule 189, 200
conquest 58
spice route 35, 46n37, 56, 58, 59, 68,
96, 115, 122
Irina Lascaris, Byzantine princess
248n424
Iron Gates 254, 256, 261, 271
Irtysh 42n23, 43
Isaccea (= Saqjï) 254, 256, 258
Ismaili 56
Itil see Volga
Ivan Alexander, Bulgarian tsar 275, 278
Ivan Asen III, Bulgarian tsar 258
Ivan Stratsimir, Bulgarian tsar 263n490
Ivanovich, dmitriy, grand duke of
Moscow 223, 224, 233, 234
Ivaylo, Bulgarian tsar 258
Iznik 242
‛Izz al-dīn Kaykāwuz, Seljuk (ex)sultan
90, 93, 96, 153, 241, 242, 247, 248,
249n425
appanage 247
ethnonym of the Gagauz 268n510
imprisonment by Michael VIII
243–245
liberation 245, 246