18418 Kapieva, “Kavkaz v russkoi poezii pervoi poloviny xix veka”;
Bez’iazychnyi, “Kavkaz v zhizni i tvorchestve A.I. Polezhaeva, (1829–
1833),” 83.
19 Braginskii, “Zametki o zapadno-vostochnom sinteze v lirike
Pushkina,”119.
20 spbfiv ran, f. 6, op. 1, d. 33a, l. 27.
21 “Letopis’ otdela,” zkoirgo (1853):208; “Smes’: voskhozhdenie na goru
Demavend,” zkoirgo 2 (1853):269.
22 “Letopis’ otdela,” zkoirgo 5 (1862):54; “Deistviia otdela,” zkoirgo 3
(1855):242, 280; “Sostav i sposoby otdela,” zkoirgo 2 (1853):220.
23 “Otchet o sostoianii i deistviakh otdela s 1859 po 1863 god,” zkoirgo 6
(1864):29.
24 Brooks, When Russia Learned to Read, 214–45; Brower, “Imperial Russia
and Its Orient.”
25 “Puteshestvie Spika i Granta k istochnikam Nila,” vp, no. 22 (1867):2;
“Raznyia izvestiia: Novaia Kaledonia,” vp, no. 28 (1867):112; “Raznyia
izvestiia: belye i indeitsy v Soedinenykh Shtatakh,” vp, no. 39 (1867):29–
32; “Puteshestviia i prikliucheniia Barona Vogana v Kalifornii,” vp, no. 1
(2 June 1867): 1–16; “Raznyia izvestiia: bystroe protsvetanie
Avstraliiskikh kolonii Anglii,” vp, no. 20 (1867): 29–32; “Raznyia
izvestiia,” vp, no. 3 (1867): 14–16.
26 “Tri goda v plenu u Patagontsev,” vp, no. 1 (29 June 1867):10.
27 pfa an, f. 100, op. 1, 1845, d. 430, delo “Perepiska Nikolaia I s Novoross-
iskim gen.-gubernatorom M.S. Vorontsovym o naznachenii ego namestni-
kom Kavkaza,” Letter from Nicholas i to Vorontsov, 17 November 1845,
l.1.
28 Rhinelander, Prince Mikhail Vorontsov, 7–12, 57–120; Brooks, “Nicholas i as
Reformer,” 245–6.
29 From 25,000 in 1834 to 70,000 by 1863. In 1880 the population of Tbilisi
was 86,455, which included 19,804 Russians, 22,285 Georgians, 38,513
Armenians, 3,332 “Tatars,” and 2,521 “other narodnosti”; from A.S.
Nadezhin, “Dvizhenie naseleniia v Zakavkazskom krae,” ssok 9 (1885):1.
On Vorontsov in Tbilisi, see also Kishmishev, Tiflis: Lichnyia vospominaniia;
and Kishmishev, Tiflis 40-kh godov. On Vorontsov in Odessa, where he was
governor-general from 1823 to 1845, see Herlihy, Odessa: A History, 1794–
1914 , 117–44. Herlihy, however, associates Vorontsov more with his fam-
ily’s private exploitation of the resources of the region than with the city’s
cultural and social development. Soviet scholarship takes a similar ap-
proach. Sh. Chkhetiia, for example, identifies 1865 as the significant
departure for capitalist development, for which Vorontsov’s efforts pro-
vided the groundwork. See Chkhetiia, Tbilisi v xix stoletii: 1865 gody, 9–14,
30; also Gasamov, Vzaimootnosheniia narodov Dagestana, 34. On Vorontsov
as a supporter of Cossack trade with the mountaineers, see Degoev,
Notes to pages 61–3