194Sotsial’no-ekonomicheskoe polozhenie i obychnoe pravo Balkartsev v pervoi polo-
vine xix v; Luzbetak, Marriage and the Family in Caucasia, 168–82; and
Grigolia, Custom and Justice in the Caucasus, 140–61. On frontiers as sites of
judicial pluralism, see Bartlett, The Making of Europe, 197–220; and Dargo,
Jefferson’s Louisiana.
6 Manifesto of Alexander i, 12 September 1801, in Modzalevskii, Khod
uchebnago dela na Kavkaze s 1802 po 1880 god, 4.
7 Lilov, “Ocherk byta Kavkazskikh gortsev,” 2–3.
8 Kappeler, La Russie, 61, 276–7.
9 A.S. Lappo-Danilevskii, “Sobranie i svod zakonov Rossiiskoi Imperii,” 8,
40.
10 Shebanov, “Polnoe sobranie zakonov Rossiiskoi Imperii,” 4:299–300.
11 Obozrenie Istoricheskikh svedenii o Svode Zakonov, 191.
12 Chistiakov, Rossiiskoe zakonodatel’stvo x–xx vekov, vol. 8: Sudebnaia reforma, 31.
13 Lincoln, In the Vanguard of Reform.
14 Wortman, The Development of a Russian Legal Consciousness.
15 Lincoln, The Great Reforms.
16 Frierson, “Crime and Punishment in the Russian Village.” For an interest-
ing discussion of the”differences between the people and educated soci-
ety,“see H.V.,”Iz domashnei khroniki,“Delo 17, no. 6 (1883):48–71.
17 Frank, “Popular Justice, Community and Culture among the Russian
Peasantry, 1870–1900”; Lewin, “Customary Law and Russian Rural
Society in the Post-Reform Era.”
18 Rogger, National Consciousness in Eighteenth-Century Russia, 126–85.
19 Khomiakov, “Eshche o sel’skikh usloviakh” (1842), in his pss, 3:75; cited
in Riasanovsky, Russia and the West in the Teaching of the Slavophiles, 143.
Also see Christoff, An Introduction to Nineteenth-Century Russian
Slavophilism, 1:201.
20 Enfimenko, Sbornik Narodnykh Iuridicheskikh obychaev Arkhangel’skoi
Gubernii, 305–29.
21 Ibid., 24.
22 Lilov, “Ocherk byta Kavkazskikh gortsev,” 46.
23 Zh.A. Kalmykov, “Administrativno-sudebnye preobrazovaniia v Kabarde
i gorskikh (Balkarskikh) obshchestvakh v gody Russko-Kavkazskoi
voiny,” in Kavkazskaia voina, 123.
24 gviarf, f. 400, op. 1, 1866–70, d. 68, Delo “Ob administrativnom razdele-
nii Terskoi, Kubanskoi i Dagestanskoi oblastei,” Memorandum of General
Boguslavskii, 19 June 1866, l. 13.
25 Ibid., Explanatory memorandum about the situation in Terek and Kuban
oblasts, l. 42.
26 gviarf, f. 400, op. 1, 1870, d. 245, Delo “Vremennye pravila dlia gorskikh
slovesnykh sudov,” Temporary rules, Viceroy Mikhail, 18 December 1870,
l. 1.
Notes to pages 90–3