Orientalism and Empire. North Caucasus Mountain Peoples and the Georgian Frontier, 1845-1917

251 Index

Chechens, 69; military
service of, 35
Kunta Haji Kishiev, 27; ru-
mours about, 156. See
also Sufi Islam

language transcription, 11,
88; and Caucasus alpha-
bet, 81–2, 133; and
Georgian example, 81;
German Romanticism
and, 80; of Il’minskii,
47–8; and native helpers,
82–3; and school read-
ers, 83–4; of Uslar,
80–4, 149. See also Uslar,
PetrK.
Lermontov, Mikhail: and
Chavchavadze family,
112; and thievery of
Cherkes, 89, 98; and
travel writing, 135,
137
Lezgin, 50, 53, 65, 76, 112
Livingstone, David, 62
Loris-Melikov, Mikhail T.,
141, 155; and establish-
ment of theatre in
Vladikavkaz, 147; and
exile of mountaineers,
23; and Russification,
151
Lütke, Ferdinand, 66

Magomet-Shefi, 120, 123–

4. See also Shamil
   Mansur, Sheikh, 20
   Maria Aleksandrovna,
   Tsarina, 44
   Marlinskii, Aleksandr. See
   Bestuzhev-Marlinskii,
   Aleksandr
   Meskhi, Sergo, 60
   Middle Volga, 10; and con-
   quest of Kazan, 15, 39;
   and 1877, 30; and Il’min-
   skii method, 47–51, 57;
   imperial service of
   Tatars from, 18; mission-
   ary work in, 42, 142, 152;
   in work of Danilevskii,
   131–2

Mikhail, Viceroy Grand

Duke, 33; and exile, 24–

5, 28, 31; and mountain

courts, 92; and Shamil,

114, 122

Mikheev, General, 141

Mikoian, Anastas, 155

military-native administra-

tion: as colonial method

of rule, 34, 36; criticism

from Russifiers to, 84, 86,

105–6, 108. See also ad-

ministration of North

Caucasus

Miliutin, Dmitrii, 28; and

Shamil, 122

Mongols, 46, 70

Mozdok: church of, 16;

customary law court of,

97; fortress of, 13; and

Ossetian Spiritual Com-

mission, 42; seminary of,

54; and Shuanet, 114,

116

Muslim Ecclesiastical Ad-

ministration, 16, 36, 128;

under Soviet rule, 156

Muslim law. See shari’a

Nafisat, 122

Naqshbandiya order, 27,

37. See also Sufi Islam
    narodnost’: and apostasy,
    148; and Eastern ques-
    tion, 134; and Georgia,
    60–1; Romanticism and,
    59–60; Slavophiles and,
    38–9; Soviet conception
    of, 157. See also ethnogra-
    phy; originality
    Native Americans, 62, 74,
    181
    native language instruc-
    tion. See Il’minskii, Ni-
    kolai; language
    transcription; Uslar,
    PetrK.
    Natukhai, 4, 24
    Nicholas i, 43, 91; and con-
    quest, 14; and Vorontsov,
    63
    Nino, Saint, 43, 47

Nogais, 4, 23

Nogmov, Shora, 83, 96

obshchestvo (imperial edu-

cated society): in the

borderlands, 41, 107;

and customary law, 103;

and ethnography, 74;

and Georgian sazoga-

doeba, 7–9, 60, 147; and

high culture, 113; and

imperial identity, 4, 60,

146 –7; and Orthodoxy,

55; and Shamil, 110,

121 –2, 124–5. See also sa-

zogadoeba

Odoevskii, Aleksandr, 61

Old Belief, 137, 139, 142

Omarov, Abdulla, 82–3,

151

Orbeliani, General, 21, 52

originality (samobytnost’):

conservative thought

and, 131–2; Georgia and,

8, 60–2, 71, 87; relation to

empire of, 148; relation

to nationalism of, 152;

Slavophiles and, 38–9,

59–60, 87, 91; and the So-

viet Union, 157

Orlov, M.O., 61, 145

Ossetians, 4, 8, 51; and cus-

tomary law, 92, 105; and

ethnography, 74; along

Georgian Military Road,

124 , 137; and imperial

service, 19; and land re-

form, 34; and language

transcription, 84; and

native language instruc-

tion, 48, 52–5, 152; and

Ossetian Spiritual Com-

mission, 42–4; and Rus-

sification, 126, 150

Ossetian Spiritual Com-

mission: history of, 42–5;

hostility from local pop-

ulation toward, 54; and

Russian expansion, 16

Ottoman Empire, 62, 136,

157 –8; and mountain

exile, 23–4, 27, 75; and