Orientalism and Empire. North Caucasus Mountain Peoples and the Georgian Frontier, 1845-1917

252 Index

Pan-Slavism, 130, 133;

and rebellion of 1877,

30–1; and Sufi Islam, 20;

as threat to indigenous

culture in Caucasus, 46,

50, 83; at war with Rus-

sia, 13–16, 19, 108

Palmerston, Lord, 14
Pan-Slavism, 56; and cru-
sading mentality, 40; and
the Eastern question,
130, 133; and Raevskii,
73, 145
Pashkevich-Erivanskii,
General I.F., 73; and Gri-
boedov, 12; and Russo-
Persian War, 14, 73; and
Shamil, 118
Persia: as exotic, 62; during
First World War, 108; as
threat to Caucasus, 50;
as threat to Georgia, 46;
at war with Russia, 13,
19
Peter the Great, 16; and
capture of Derbent, 13;
in conception of
Slavophiles, 39, 42, 131;
as precedent for
Vorontsov, 63; and study
of law, 90
Pobedonostsev, Konstan-
tin, 50; and church con-
struction, 143; and
Society for the Restora-
tion of Orthodoxy, 56
poddanstvo, 9, 73, 158; and
imperial service, 17–19,
33–4; and Shamil, 125.
See also administration of
North Caucasus
Polezhaev, A.I., 61
Polnoe sobranie zakonov Ros-
siskoi Imperii, 91
Potemkin, P.S.: and impe-
rial expansion, 13, 23
Potto, V.A., 123
Przhetsslavskii, Pavel G.,
120–2, 124
Przhevalsky, Nikolai, 62
Pshav: and ethnography,

71, 79; religious identity

of, 45, 47; and schooling,

53, 54

Pushkin, Aleksandr, 4; and

narodnost’, 60; and Rae-

vskii family, 145; and vi-

sualization of the

frontier, 61, 110

Putin, Vladimir, ix

Pypin, Aleksandr: on

Greek project, 40; on nar-

odnost’, 59

Qadiriya order, 27, 29, 37.

See also Sufi Islam

Qazbegi, Aleksandre, 8

Radde, Gustav, 146; and

antiquity, 68, 70; back-

ground of, 66; and Cau-

casus Museum, 78; and

ethnography, 77

Raevskii, Nikolai N.: as

critic of Caucasus War, 3,

73, 145; and contraband

trade, 14; and native

princes, 18; and Pan-

Slavism, 73; and reli-

gious identity of moun-

tain peoples, 44

rebellion: continuation af-

ter conquest of, 27–8; of

1877, 29–32, 86, 129, 138,

156

Reinke, N.M., 106, 127

Romanticism, 99, 137, 145,

149; audience for, 62–3;

conservative thought

and, 130–1; and custom-

ary law, 96; and ethnog-

raphy, 72, 77, 87, 107;

and Georgian ethnogra-

phy, 94; German, 8, 59,

80, 130, 149; and Russian

writers in the Caucasus,

61; and Shamil, 111

Rozen, Baron G.V., 82

Russification: and conser-

vative thought, 130–3;

and customary law, 105–

8; and the Eastern ques-

tion, 133–5; and empire,

126 –30; and ethnic Rus-

sian colonization, 137–

44; and historical peo-

ples, 132–3; and Old Be-

lief, 142–3; and Shamil,

119; and Soviet rule, 155;

and travel writing,

135 –7

St Giorgi Church, 61

St Isaac’s Cathedral, 118,

123

Samarin, Iurii, 39, 59

sazogadoeba (Georgian soci-

ety), 4, 7, 9, 60, 147. See

also Georgia and the for-

mation of empire

schooling: imperial policy

and mountain, 35–6; and

native language instruc-

tion, 47–51; and Society

for the Restoration of

Orthodoxy, 52–6; and

work of Uslar, 82–4, 149.

See also Il’minskii,

Nikolai; Uslar, PetrK.

Shamil, 6, 8, 11, 18, 23, 76,

94, 97, 99, 110–25, 134,

148 ; capture of, 12, 22,

115, 128; and the

Chavchavadze estate,

112–15; in 1859, 111, 115–

20; family of, 29, 111–12,

120 –5, 147; journey to

Mecca, 28–9, 121–2, 124–

5; in Kaluga, 28, 120–2;

in modern scholarship,

111; and Sufism, 20–1,

27; in work of Berzhe,

68–9

Shapsug, 4, 24, 85

shari’a (Muslim law): and

colonial courts, 95, 97;

and customary law, 69,

150 ; and Shamil, 94, 120;

and Soviet authority,

108 , 155. See also custom-

ary law; Sufi Islam

Shegren, Andrei, 81

Shervashidze, Prince

Mikhail: cooperation

with Russians, 17; and