Place Names, Subjects, Terms 591
State 15, 26, 83–84, 213, 270, 283–285,
287–288, 290, 295, 302–303, 309,
315–316, 331, 353, 361, 366, 371, 373, 375,
379, 395, 434, 436–439, 448, 459
State-building 147, 209, 460
“Strangers”: in the janissary ranks 150, 165,
175–176, 193, 196–197, 200–202, 206,
334, 340, 352, 365, 394, 450–451
In the scribal ranks 150, 166, 209, 450
In the sipahi ranks 153, 157, 200, 203,
223n, 450–451
Subjects see reaya
Sufism 7, 26, 41, 49, 50, 58–59, 67, 71, 73, 96,
104, 115, 118–119, 121, 124, 126, 160, 162,
242–243, 246, 253, 256, 262–263,
277–278, 325, 368, 456–459
And the Kadızadeli controversy 233,
237, 239–240, 265, 272, 278
See also dervishes
Sultan’s responsibility 38, 42, 94, 152, 161,
163, 186, 204, 206, 224, 253–254, 349,
439
Sultanic authority 134–135, 143, 147, 157–158,
334, 366, 369, 379, 429, 441, 447
Limitations 15, 17, 95, 192, 452
Sacred character 51, 143, 187, 193–195,
207n, 428, 436
Delegation of power 56–57, 141, 147, 152,
162–163, 187, 207–208, 224, 230, 338,
446
See also absolutism
Sultanic law 24, 100–102, 104, 107–110, 114,
117, 122, 142, 157, 259, 271, 276, 350, 433,
441, 443–444, 459
Sumptuary laws see dress codes
Sunna 25–26, 75, 121, 125, 227, 232–233, 235,
240, 244, 246, 253, 260, 264, 277,
283–284, 299, 336, 361
Sunna-minded authors 4, 25–26, 123, 226,
233–278, 283–284, 303, 333, 421–422,
430n, 442–443, 445, 449, 454–455
Syria 65, 99, 125, 327, 330, 382
Tabriz 145, 177n
Tanzimat reforms/period 9, 14, 16, 376, 380,
383, 426, 428–431, 453
Tasawwuf see Sufism
Tatars 164, 404, 405n
Taxation 5, 26, 35–36, 37, 52, 65, 83, 95, 102,
104, 110, 117, 120–121, 140, 143, 147, 154,
159, 168, 170, 176, 191, 204, 220, 223, 233n,
234, 246–247, 250, 259–260, 274, 294,
327, 340, 356, 440, 442, 445, 459
Land tax 266–267, 269–271, 320, 457
Poll-tax 37, 105, 223n, 243, 248n,
259–261, 266, 269, 274, 282, 283n, 284,
320, 331, 355
Collecting mechanisms 282, 340, 367,
436
Tax-farming 140, 143, 146, 169, 176, 196, 208,
271, 283, 306, 328, 331, 336, 345, 351,
355–356, 424, 436–437
Technology, military 183–184
Tekirdağ 357
Telhis 7n
Thrace 154, 183n, 223
Timar system 36, 64n, 110, 134, 138, 143,
146–147, 153, 158, 168–169, 176, 186, 193,
197–198, 200, 202–205, 209–210, 212,
215, 217–218, 220, 223, 243, 267n, 302,
307, 321, 326, 330, 335, 338, 352,
354–356, 359–360, 376, 384, 442–443,
453–454
Timariotic army 39, 43, 143, 145–147, 155,
157, 159, 168, 193, 203–205, 210–211, 229,
284, 353–355, 367, 381, 446, 451
See also landholding; sipahis
Timurid Empire 44, 101, 128, 458
Tobacco 158n, 189, 223, 231, 236–237, 239,
295n, 298, 368, 399, 421–422, 444–445
Tokat 215n
Tolerance 296, 298–299, 319, 326, 340, 397
Town-planning 27, 125, 151, 345, 347,
356–357, 360
Trabzon 73, 346, 416
“Traditionalist” authors (18th century) 332–
380, 400, 410, 421, 424–425, 428–429,
431, 440, 442, 455
Translations, Ottoman, from Persian
originals 48–50, 66, 124, 129, 137
From Arabic 104, 268–269, 271, 332, 413n
From European languages 222, 229,
286–287, 296, 372, 376, 385, 392, 401,
411, 413
To European languages 1, 414, 426
Transylvania 100, 280, 384, 387