1022 NOTES TO CHAPTER I
ban-bureaucratic state 1 (Seoul: Taehan min 'guk Mungyobu, Kuksa p'yonch'an wiwonhoe,
1974):3^6 9-75, 382-85.
7· Ibid., pp. 386-89.
- Sung Jae Koh, "Myon'op" [Cotton textiles] in Kuksa p'yonch'an wiwonhoe, ed.,
Han 'guksa IO:320-25.
- Sin Chihyon, "Yom'op" [The salt industry] in Kuksa p'yonch'an wiwonhoe, ed.,
Han 'guksa IO:389-95.
IO. Yu Sungju, "Kwang'op," Han 'guksa IO:335-43.
I I. Ibid., pp. 348-55.
- Yi Sangbaek, Han 'guksa: Kunse chOn 'gip'y()n [The history of Korea: Early mod-
em period] (Seoul: Uryu Munhwasa), pp. 476-82; Yu Wondong, "Sang'op" [Commerce]
in Kuksa p'yonch'an wiwonhoe, ed., Han 'guksa IO:295.
- It is unlikely, however, that they took deposits, issued and accepted bills, and func-
tioned like banks in issuing bills at a discount to purchasers on the basis of collateral in
real estate as they did by the end of the nineteenth century. It is not clear just when some
of these more advanced banking practices began. See Yu Wondong, "Sang'op" [Com-
merce] in Kuksa p'yonch'an wiwonhoe, ed., Han 'guksa IO:305-8.
- Yu Wondong, "Sang'op," Han'guksa, IO:278-87.
- John K. Fairbank, "A Preliminary Framework," in John K. Fairbank, ed., The Chi-
nese World Order (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1968), pp. 1-9; Chun Hae-
jong, "Sino-Korean Tributary Relations in the Ch'ing Period," in idem, pp. 90-1 I I.
- Yu Wondong, "Sang'op," Han'guksa 10:313-19.
- For the role of the kong sin, see Edward Willett Wagner, The Literati Purges: Polit-
ical Conflict in Early Yi Korea (Cambridge: East Asian Research Center and Harvard
University Press, 1974); for the san 'gwan, see Yi Songmu, Choson ch 'ogi yangban yon 'gu
[A study of the yangban in the early Choson period] (Seoul: Ilchogak, 1980), pp. 116-74.
- For the chung'in, see Yi Songmu, Chos6n ch 'ogi yangban yon 'gu [A Study of the
yangban in the early Choson dynasty 1 (Seoul: Ilchogak, 1980), p. 31, n. 114, and for the
hyangni, and clerks, see ibid., pp. 31-38, and idem, "Choson ch'ogi ui hyangni" [The
hyangni of the early Choson period] Han 'guksa y6n 'gu 5 (1970):65-96.
- For the nothoi, see Yi Songmu, Chos6n ch 'ogi yangban yon 'gu, pp. 38-39; Song
June-ho [Song Chunho], "Choson sidae Oi kwago wa yangban mit yang' in" [The civil
service examinations of the Choson period and the yang ban and commoners] Yoksa hakpo
69 (March 1976): IOI -35. See also James B. Palais, book reviews of these two works in
Journal of Korean Studies 3 (I98r):191-2 12.
- Ping-ti Ho, The Ladder of Success in Imperial China: Aspects of Social Mobility,
1368-/9/ / (New York: Columbia University Press, 1962), pp. 41-52, 68-72.
- John Breckenridge Duncan, "The Koryo Origins of the Choson Dynasty," 1988.
Rev. ed. submitted for publication 1993, pp. I02-3.
- John Breckenridge Duncan, "The Koryo Origins of the Choson Dynasty: Kings,
Aristocrats, and Confucianism" (Ph.D. diss., Seattle: University of Washington, 1988);
idem, "The Social Background to the Founding of the Choson Dynasty: Change or Con-
tinuity?" Journal of Korean Studies 6 (1988-89):39-80.
