Confucian Statecraft and Korean Institutions. Yu Hyongwon and the Late Choson Dynasty - James B. Palais

1144 NOTES TO CHAPTER 24

30. PGSR 8:qb-I8a.


31. Ibid. 8: I8a-b. Tillman described Hu Hung as one of the fundamentalist advocates
    of the literal restoration of the well-field system, Hoyt Cleveland Tillman, Utilitarian
    Confucianism: Ch en Liang's Challenge to Chu Hsi (Camhridge: Harvard University Press,
    1982 ), pp. 50 -51.


32. David McLellan, Karl Marx: His Lite and Thought (New York: Harper and Row,
    1973, Harper Colophon ed., 1977), p. 162; Tom Bottomore, ed .. A Dictionary of Marx-
    ist Thought (Camhridge: Harvard University Press, 1983). pp. 86, 377.


33. PGSR 8: 19a; for the previous material, see 8: I 8h-19b.


34. Mark Elvin, The Pattern of the Chinese Past (Stanford: Stanford University Press,
    1973). pp. 2 I 5-25: for the Wako pirates and post- 1570 commerce, see John E. Wills. Jr.,
    "Maritime China from Wang Chih to Shih Lang," in Spence and Wills, eds., From Ming
    to Ch 'ing (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1979), pp. 2 IO-20.


35. PGSR 8:I9b-20a.


36. Ibid. 8:20a-b.


37. Ibid. 8:20h-2Ia.


38. Ibid. 8:2Ia-b; compare 8:2Ih, line 4, with KRS 19Ah. lines 2-3,


39. The Samhall clnmgbo, Tongguk t'ongho, Tongguk chullgho. Haedong chungbo, and
    Haedong t'ongbo, PGSR 8:21 b.


40. Referred to here as the five-chong cloth, since chong was synonymous with sae
    or sung.


41. Ibid. 8:2Ib-22a; KRS 19: 14b-15b.


42. Won Yuhan, "Pan'gye Yu Hyongwon ui kungjongjok hwap'yeron" [Yu Hyongwon's
    positive views on currency], in Yu HOlZgnycJI paksa hwagap kinyomnonch 'ong [Essays
    in commemoration of the sixtieth birthday of Dr. Yu HongnyolJ (Seoul: Hyeam Yu
    Hongnyol paksa Hwagap kinyom saop wiwonhoe, 1971), p. 300,


43. Won Yuhan, "Kiingjongjok hwap'yeron," p. 295.


44. PGSR 22a-23b,


45. MHBG 159:loa-b. Kwon Yong'ik has also stressed Yu's fundamental emphasis on
    the need for bold and decisive leadership to accomplish reform and overcome the forces
    of conservatism. Kwon yong'ik. ''Yu Hyongwon iii hwap'ye sasang e kwanhan yon'gu"
    [A study of Yu Hyongwon's thought on currency]. Taedong munhwa yifn'gu II
    (1977):63-^6 4.


46. See chap. 23, above, for the background for this discussion.


47. PGSR 3:3b-4a.


48. Yu also notcd that Tu Yu in the T'ung-tien wrote that that I liang or tael was equiv-
    alent to 24 shu. One ch'ien or.I tael would then have heen 2-4 shu, hut since the cali-
    bration of the scale yielded figures three times greater than in T'ang times, the weight of
    .1 taeI should have been three times greater, or 7.2 shu. Yu himself calculated that the
    present. I tael (or 1 chon in Korean pronunciation) would be 7 shu by present scales, or
    2 shu more than the five-shu coin. Ibid. 4: I a.


49. Yu also remarked that the price of hrass was higher in the capital where it took 3
    yang of brass to purchase I p 'il of ordinary cloth (sangmok) but over 4 yang in Tongnae