animal predation scenes, seals, 330
Annunitum (goddess), 317 n
Anu Area, Uruk, 76 , 78 ; public buildings, 180 – 1
Anubanini, rock relief, 215
Anzu(Akkadian poem), 439
Arab-Persian Gulf, 13 , 19
archaeological evidence: death and burial, 420 ;
ethno-archaeological studies, 345 , 346 ; fashion,
378 ; hydraulic landscapes and irrigation
systems, 35 , 41 ; metal and standardization of
value, 509 ; and physical geography, 21 – 2 , 27 ;
Sacred Marriage, 232 ; settlement patterns
(Sumer and Akkad), 131 – 2 ; Uruk period, 69
Archaic period, 267
Archaic Texts, 72 , 80 , 81 , 112 , 397
Arch House, Eshnunna, 351
architecture: cult (Ebla), 540 – 3 ; Eanna Precinct,
Uruk, 182 – 3 ; Ebla, 540 – 7 ; Egypt, 632 ; Mari,
kingdom of, 522 – 3 ; palace (Ebla), 544 – 7 ;
public, 182 – 3 , 197 , 198 ; and site morphology,
466 – 7
archives: Age of the State Archives, 538 ; Ebla
Palace G, 455 , 500 , 502 – 4 , 544 , 545 , 548 , 552 ;
ED III Beydar, 469 ; of government
households, 57 ; Kültepe-Kanisˇ, 511 ; state, 35
Aristotle, 305
art: Ebla, Syria, 549 – 50 , 551 ; glyptic, 323 , 325 – 6 ,
504 – 6 , 627 ; and handicraft production, Ebla,
549 – 50 , 551 ; Sacred Marriage, 231 , 232 ; Uruk
period, 80 ; see alsoiconography
artifacts: Egypt, 630 ; Sacred Marriage, 229 – 39
Asher-Greve, J., 212 , 359 – 77
Assurbanipal (emperor), 285
Atrahasia(mythological work), 442
avulsion process, 37 – 8
Baadsgaard, A., 399
Babylonian Creation Epic(mythological work),
439
Babylonian Epic of Creation(mythological work),
439
Babylonian period seeOld Babylonian period
(c. 2004 – 1595 BC)
Bachhuber, C., 498 – 516
backswamps, 19 – 20
Bactrian Margiana Archaeological Complex
(BMAC), 572
Bahrain, 587
balatax, 43
banks, water supply, 46
banquets, 215 , 216 , 218 , 365 – 6Baranamtara (city “queen” of Lagash), 423
barley yields, 64
Barton Cylinder, 435
base 60 counting system, 305 , 306 , 316 n
base morphemes, 96
Basra, 69
BaU (goddess), 260 , 261 , 367
Baumgartel, E., 621
beer, 215 , 216
Berger, J., 201
Bernbeck, R., 431 n
bevel-rim bowls (BRB), 564
Beydar Palace, 467
bitumen, 355
Blau documents, 278
“Blau plaque,” 362
body adornments, on corpse, 422
Bomhard, A., 97
bound morphemes, 96 , 98
Bowersock, G., 575
Boyer, C., 306 , 310
Brisch, N., 111 – 24 , 431 n
Brocade style, seals, 327
Bronze Age trading system, 590 – 3 ; Akkadian to
Isin-Larsa period, 592 – 3 ; ED III period, 590 – 2
Building E, Eanna, 77 , 79
buildings, public: accessibility of buildings/access
control, 195 – 6 , 198 ; architecture, 182 – 3 , 197 ;
builders, identity of, 189 , 193 – 4 , 195 ; compared
to domestic housing (Khafajah), 185 – 6 , 187 ;
details of, 194 – 5 ; entrance design, 195 ; forms,
single function, 188 ; identifying of, 193 – 4 ;
Khafajah city seeKhafajah city, Diyala region;
monumental buildings, Uruk period, 75 – 6 , 77 ,
78 , 79 ; needs of builders, 195 ; recognition, 179 ;
responsibility for building enterprise, 191 – 2 ;
spatial order principles, 188 ; users, identity of,
184 , 189 , 195 , 196 ; see alsoEanna Precinct, Uruk
built environment: Egypt, 630 – 2 ; Sumerian
World, 180
bulla(administrative device), 588 , 589
burial seedeath and burial
Buringh, P., 39
Butz, K., 65 ncadastral texts, 60
Caldwell, J.R., 614
calendars, 311 – 16 ; calendrical oddities, 314 – 15 ;
calendrical reforms, 315 ; intercalation, 314 ;
month names, 313 – 14 , 317 n; subdivision of
month, 315 – 16 ; year names, 311 – 12–– Index ––