Date Event Nature of Agreement
Dec. 1992 Yeltsin to PRC keep tranquility on borders; neither join hostile bloc
Sep. 1994 Jiang Zemin to RF Mutual non-targeting with nuclear weapons
Apr. 1996 Yeltsin to PRC mutual support Checnya & Taiwan + Tibet; “Strategic
Partnership” proclaimed
Apr. 1997 Jiang Zemin to RF multipolarity; non-interference internal affairs
Nov. 1998 Jiang Zemin to RF multipolarity; non-interference; diversity of developmental paths
Dec. 1999 Yeltsin to PRC opposition to missile defense
Jul. 2000 Putin to PRC Opposition to missile defense; uphold ABM Treaty pro
multipolarity and anti-hegemony; Taiwan part of China
Ju l. 20 01 Jiang Zemin to RF oppose missile defense & weaponization of space; support UNSC
role; peaceful solution in Kosovo
Dec. 2002 Putin to PRC Mutual support on territorial integrity (Taiwan, Tibet &
Chechya); oppose “double standard” on terrorism; uphold UN
May. 2003 Hu Jinao to RF oppose power politics & unilateralism; uphold UN, oppose use
of force
Oct. 2004 Putin to PRC PRC support RF entry WTO; mutual anti-terror cooperation
Jul. 2005 Hu Jintao to RF multipolarization of international order; oppose alliance,
monopoly or dominance; call for New World Order; no rule by
leading and subordinate camps; no use force
Mar. 2006 Putin to PRC Joint Declaration; support China re Taiwan; close cooperation re
Iran and North Korea
Mar. 2007 HU Jintao to RF common stance on Iran & NK nuclear issues; strengthen leading
role UNSC; Afghanistan UN reform require consensus; oppose
arms race in outer space; Iran issue only = peaceful solution;
UN reform via “consensus”.
May. 2008 Pres. Medvedev
to PRC
oppose unilateralism, power politics, & intervention; pro-
mutipolarization oppose Cold War mentality and “clique
politics” condemn unilateralismJun. 2009 Hu Jintao to RF mutual support for sovereignty & territorial integrity (Taiwan
and Caucasus) support reform World Bank to increase role of
“emerging markets”
Sept. 2010 Medvedev to PRC Comprehensively deepen strategic partnership
Ju n. 2011 Hu Jintao to RF support “package deal” re UN reform to grow
representativeness attach great importance to BRICS &
increase role of India
Ju n. 2012 Putin to PRC respect each other’s interests; boost cooperation re security
Ma r. 2013 Xi Jinping to RF 1 st trip abroad since inauguration as Pres.; big powers to ditch
“zero-sum mentality”; cooperate ABM development; oppose
any unilateral ABM system development
F IGU R E 20 -1 Sino-Russian Summit Level Joint Communiques and Declarations, 1992–2012