China\'s Quest. The History of the Foreign Relations of the People\'s Republic of China - John Garver

Notes to pages 127–138 } 799

31. Dikötter, Mao’s Famine, p. 12.


32. Khrushchev Remembers, pp.  254–5. Wu, Shinian lunzhan, pp.  130–1. Khrushchev
    says that on the eve of the Moscow conference Mao gave a speech at Moscow State
    University declaring “The socialist camp must have one head, and that head can only be
    the USSR.” This was, Khrushchev noted, “the most unqualified endorsement of Soviet
    hegemony over the bloc ... by any conference delegate.”


33. The December 1957 declaration and the April 1960 declaration “Long Live
    Leninism” discussed below are both available at http://www.marxists.org/history.


34. Wu, Shinian lunzhan, pp. 128–9.


35. Khrushchev, Khrushchev Remembers, pp. 254–5.


36. Quoted in Dikötter, Mao’s Famine, p. 14.


37. Lucian W. Pye, Mao Tse-tung: The Man in the Leader, New York: Basic Books, 1978,
    p. 309.


38. Li Zhisui, The Private Life of Chairman Mao:  The Memoirs of Mao’s Personal
    Physician, New  York:  Random House, 1999, pp. 109–10. This is discussed more fully
    in John W.  Garver, “Mao’s Soviet Policies,” China Quarterly, no. 173 (March 2005), pp.
    199–213.


39. This follows Pantsov and Levine, Mao.


40. Statement by the Chinese government, August 15, 1963, in Peking Review, August
    16, 1963, pp. 7–15.


41. Liu Xiao, Chushi sulian ba nian (Eight years as ambassador to the Soviet Union),
    Beijing: Dangshi ziliao chubanshe, 1986, p. 60.


42. John Wilson Lewis and Xue Litai, China’s Strategic Seapower: The Politics of Force
    Modernization in the Nuclear Era, Stanford: Stanford University Press, p. 13.


43. Lewis and Xue, China’s Strategic Seapower, p. 13.


44. Wu, Shinian lunzhan, pp. 158–9.


45. Li, Private Life of Chairman Mao, p. 261.


46. “The origin and development of the differences between the leadership of the CPSU
    and ourselves,” Renmin ribao, September 6, 1963, in The Polemic on the General Line of the
    International Communist Movement, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1965, p. 77.


47. Gorshkov was a strong advocate of Soviet naval power, appointed by Khrushchev
    to head the Soviet navy only the year before (1957), and would go on over the next several
    decades to turn the Soviet navy into a potent global fleet.


48. Sergei N.  Khrushchev, Nikita Khrushchev and the Creation of a Superpower,
    University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2000, pp. 267–8.


49. Constanine Pleshakov, “Nikita Khrushchev and Sino-Soviet Relations,” in Brothers
    in Arms; the Rise and Fall of the Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1945–1963, Stanford University Press,
    1998, pp. 226–45.


50. This account follows Wu, Shinian lunzhan, pp. 163–73. Also Vladislav M. Zubok,
    “The Mao-Khrushchev Conversations, 31 July–3 August 1958 and 2 October 1959,” in
    CWIHP Bulletin, Issue 12/13 (Fall/Winter 2001), pp. 244–72.


51. Within a short time, the radio station became moot when satellites provided the
    Soviet Union a superior method of communication with submarines.


52. Khrushchev, Khrushchev Remembers, pp. 260–1.


53. Wu, Shinian lunzhan, p. 173.


54. Henry Kissinger, On China, New York: Penguin, 2011, p. 360.