S-6 SUBJECT INDEX
Language development, 85–89
in animals, 256–258
from cooing to communicating,
87–89
critical period in, 87
first negatives, 86
innate capacity for, 85–87
Latency stage, 46
Latent learning, 331
Lateralization, 135
Latinos
cultural syndromes and, 385
gender roles and, 387
interethnic friendships, 372
personality test scores of, 387
psychotherapy and, 433, 434
stereotype threat and test
performance among, 245
Lead, exposure to
and fetal deformities, 80
and intelligence, 252
Leading questions, memory and,
273–274
Leaky bucket concept of short-
term memory, 280–281
Learning, 307. See also Social-
cognitive learning theory;
specific topics
biological limits on, 323–324
defined, 307
implicit, 230
instinctive drift and, 323
and language, 85–87
latent, 331
observational, 332–333
on schedule, 321–322
using psychological principles
to enhance, 8
Learning perspective, 6–7, 44
Left-hemisphere dominance,
140–141
Left-skewed distributions, A6, A9
Lens, 195
Leptin, 485
Lesbians. See Sexual orientation
Lesion method of brain
mapping, 129
Lexapro, 421
Libido, 44
Librium, 181
Licensed clinical social workers
(LCSWs), 11
Lie detection, 453–454
Life narrative, 69, 300
Life transitions, 106–107
old age, 107–109
Lifetime persistent offender,
396–397
Light
intensity of, 194
vision and, 194–195
Light waves, 194
Limbic system, 102, 134
Line graph, A2, A3, A9
Linear perspective, 201
Linton, Marigold, 292, 294
Linton, Simi, 471–472
Lithium carbonate, 422
Lobotomy, prefrontal, 424
Localization of function, 133
Location constancy, 202Intrinsic reinforcers, 328
Introspection, trained, 6
Introversion, 52
vs. extroversion, 52
Intuition, 231
Inuit of Canada, schizophrenia
in, 385
Inventories (objective tests),
21, 51, 387
IQ (intelligence quotient), 243
IQ scores
expected distribution of,
243, 244
global increase in, 252
IQ tests, 243–246
culture and, 245–246
invention of, 243–246
Iris, 195
Isolation vs. intimacy, 104
Itching, 211J
James, William, 6, 44, 174,
215, 216
Jamison, Kay, 412
Janis, Irving, 357
Japanese
control and, 467
display rules, 459
divorce and, 495
intellectual performance,
253–254
perception, 217–218
smiling and, 459
tachiba and, 65
Japanese immigrants, prejudice
toward, 368
Jet lag, 155
Jobs, Steve, 42–43, 72
Johnson, Virginia, 497
Jones, Jim, 355
Jones, Mary Cover, 314
Jung, Carl Gustav, 47–48
Jungian theory, 47–48
Just noticeable difference
(jnd), 190
Just-world hypothesis, 349
Justification of effort,
240–241, 435K
Kahneman, Daniel, 237
Kanzi (bonobo), intelligence of,
257–258
Kinesthesis, 213
Kinsey, Alfred, 22, 496
Kissing, 502
Klonopin, 421
Knowledge
tacit, 248
Köhler, Wolfgang, 255
Koko (gorilla), intelligence in, 257L
Laboratory observation, 20, 30
Lakotas, sweat lodges of, 173
Language
defined, 85
as innate capacity vs. learned,
85–87
thinking and, 229Infant development, 81–82
Infants, 81–82. See also
Amnesia: childhood/
infantile; Newborns
testing the knowledge
of, 92
Inferential statistics,
A7–A9, 32, 38
Inferiority vs. competence, 104
Informal reasoning, 232
Information-processing models,
277–278
Informed consent, 26
Inhibition, emotional,
469–470
Inhibitory effect (neurons), 126
Initiative vs. guilt, 104
Inner experience, 69–71
Innocence Project, 299
Insanity, 382
Insecure attachment, 83, 493
causes of, 84
Insomnia, 162, 180–181
Instinctive drift, 323
Instrumental conditioning. See
Operant conditioning
Intelligence. See also Animals,
intelligence in; IQ
(intelligence quotient);
specific topics
artificial, 260
cognitive approach to,
246–248
componential, 247
crystallized, 108, 243
defined, 242
elements of, 247–248
factor analysis and, 242
fluid, 108, 243
group differences, 249–251
origins of, 249
environmental, 251–252
genes and individual
differences, 249–251
motivation, hard work, and
intellectual success,
252–254
psychometric approach to,
242–246
triarchic theory of, 247–248
Interdependence in reaching
mutual goals, 363
Interference, 293–294
proactive, 294
retroactive, 293–294
Intermittent (partial) schedule
of reinforcement,
321–322
Internal desynchronization, 155
Internal locus of control, 466
Internet dating, 492
Interposition, 200, 201
Interpretations, considering other,
16–17
Intersex conditions
(intersexuality), 96
Intervals, A2
Intimacy
vs. isolation, 104
sex and, 493, 494, 500
Intrinsic motivation, 484Hostility. See also Rape
depression and, 468–469
and heart disease, 468
HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary-
adrenal) axis, 462, 474
5-HTT gene and depression, 393
Hubel, David, 197
Hue, 194
Hugs, health and, 473
Huichiol Indians, hallucinogenic
mushrooms and, 174
Human rights, universal, 94
Humanist psychology, 69–70, 72
Humanist therapy, 430, 432
Humiliation. See Rape
Humorousness, 54
Hydrocodone, 176
Hyperactivity, television watching
and, 25
Hypnosis, 17, 169–173
defined, 169
inducing, 170
nature of, 169–171
sociocognitive explanation,
171–173
theories of, 171–173
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
(HPA) axis, 462, 474
Hypothalamus, 134
and sexual orientation, 504
stress and, 462
Hypotheses, 14, 15
Hypothesis testing, A7–A8
I
IAT. See Implicit Association
Test (IAT)
Id, 44
Identity crisis, 104
Identity vs. role confusion, 104
Ig Nobel Prizes, 226, 227, 250
Illness. See also Health problems
chronic, and insecure
attachment, 84
exercise as buffer between
stressors and, 471
Illusions, 187, 202–204
Illusory correlations, 25
Imagination inflation, 271
Imitation, 452–453
Immune system
locus of control and, 466
stress and, 463–464
Implicit Association Test
(IAT), 370
Implicit attitudes, 350
measurement of, 370–371
Implicit learning, 230
Implicit memory, 277
Impulsiveness, 54
Inattentional blindness,
192–193
Inborn abilities, 81, 215
Independence, 54
Independent variables, 27–28
Individualist cultures, 64
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS)
cells, 125
Induction (parenting), 95
Industrial/organizational
psychology, 506