SUBJECT INDEX S-11Triarchic theory of intelligence,
247–248
Trichromatic theory, 198
Tricyclic antidepressants, 421
Triskaidekaphobia, 389
Trust vs. mistrust, 104
Tsukada, Koji, 226
Tubman, Harriet, 384
Twain, Mark, 394
Type A personality, 468U
UFO sightings, 186–187, 220
Ultimatum Game, 236–237
Umami, 208–209
Unconditional positive regard,
70, 430
Unconditioned response (UR),
308–309
Unconditioned stimulus (US),
308–309
Uncorrelated variables, 24
Unemployment, stress
of, 463
Us-them social identities, 363V
Vaccines and autism, 3, 15, 25
Validity, test, 21
Validity effect, 351
Validity scales, 387
Valium, 175, 181, 421
Values, goals and, 512–514
Variability, measures of, A4, A9
Variables, 23
dependent, 27–28
experimental, 26–27
independent, 27–28
Vasopressin, 128, 491, 515
Ventricles, schizophrenia
and, 408
Vervet monkeys, intelligence
in, 257
Viagra, effect on women, 28
Vicarious conditioning, 332
Victim blaming, 349
Video games and violence,
334–335
Vietnam War and heroin
addiction, 401
Violence
adolescent, 103
culture and, 66–67
and depression, 393
media violence and,
334–335
mob, 359–360
Virtual Iraq, 427
Virtual reality (VR) programs,
427, 428
Vision, 194–196
what we see, 194
Visual cliff, 215
Visual constancies, 202
Visual cortex, 136, 139
Visual field, split brain and,
139, 140
Visual illusions, 202–204
Visual pathways, 139Terrorism, 355
Test-anxiety dreams, 166–167
Testosterone, 128, 497
and aggression, 67
in middle years, 107
and play styles, 97–98
Tests, psychological, 20–22, 30.
See also specific topics
culture and, 245–246
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC),
176–177
Texture gradients, 201
Thalamus, 134
Theory, 15, 44
Theory of mind (ToM), 92, 256
Therapeutic alliance, 433
Therapists. See Psychotherapists
"Think-drink" effect, 179
Thinking, 226–228. See also
Cognition; Cognitive
development; Critical
thinking; Reasoning;
specific topics
nonconscious, 230–231
subconscious, 229–230
Thompson, Clara, 47
Thompson, Jennifer, 268–269,
273, 299–300
Thorazine, 420
Thorndike, Edward L.,
54, 317
Three-box model of memory,
278–284
Tickle sensation, 211
Timbre, 205
Tip-of-the-tongue (TOT)
states, 283
Tobacco, 175, 176, 178, 180
Tofranil, 421
Tolerance, drug, 177
Tolman, Edward, 331
Tomato plant experiment,
250–251
Torture, 347
Touch, 7, 211, 471, 473
Toxins, exposure to. See also
Lead, exposure to
and intelligence, 252
Trained introspection, 6
Traits. See Personality traits
Tranquilizers, 175, 181,
421, 422
Transcranial direct current
stimulation (tDCS), 130,
147, 425
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
(TMS), 129–130, 425
Transference, 426
Transgendered individuals,
96–97
Transsexual individuals, 97
Trauma
dreams and, 167
intervention after, 435–436
resilience and, 110
writing about, 469–470
Traumatic amnesia, 295
Traumatic brain injuries,
118–119, 145–146Stressful family experiences
and insecure attachment, 84
and reduced mental
ability, 252
Subconscious processes,
229–230
Sublimation, 45
Subliminal messages, 218–219
Substance-related and addictive
disorders. See also
Addiction; Alcoholism;
Drug abuse
DSM definition of, 398
Successive approximations,
322–323
Suggestion, power of, 272–275
Suicide, 118, 411–412
Suicide attempts, 436–437
Suicide bombers, 354–355
Superego, 44, 47
Supertasters, 209
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
(SCN), 155
Surveys, 22, 30
Survival needs, 514
Susto, 434
Sweat lodges, 173
Sweet taste, 208
Sympathetic nervous system,
121–122
Synapses, 124, 126
memory and changes in, 285
Synaptic cleft, 125–126
Synaptic vesicles, 126
Synesthesia, 189
Syntax, 86
correction vs. lack of correction
of, 86–87
Systematic desensitization,
314, 427T
Taarof, 375
Tachiba, 65
Tacit knowledge, 248
Taijin kyofusho, 385, 386
Tardiness, culture and, 66
Taste (gustation), 208–209
basic tastes, 208–209
learning to like/dislike foods/
odors, 209, 315
preferences, 209
smell of, 209, 210
Taste buds, 208
Taste receptors, 208
Taste test, 209
Tegretol, 422
Telegraphic speech, 89
Television watching and grade
point average, 24
and hyperactivity, 25
Telomere, 464
Temperaments, 56–57
and insecure attachment, 84
parenting style and, 94
Temporal lobes, 136
"Tend and befriend" response,
473–474
Terman, Lewis, 243, 252grouped frequency
distribution, A2
histograms, A2–A3, A9
inferential statistics, A7–A8
alternative hypothesis
(experimental/research
hypothesis), A7
effect size, A8, A9
null hypothesis, A7, A9
random error, A7–A8
sampling distribution,
A7, A9
statistical significance,
defined, A8
testing hypotheses,
A7–A8
line graph, A2, A3, A9
measures of central tendency,
A3–A4, A9
measures of variability,
A4, A9
transforming scores,
A4–A6, A9
normal distribution, A6, A9
percentile scores (centile
rank), A4–A5, A9
z-scores (standard scores),
A5–A6, A9
Statistical significance, A8, A9,
32, 38
Statistics
descriptive, 31–32, 38
inferential, 32, 38
psychologists and, 32
Stem cells, 124
Stereotype threat, 245
reducing, 245–246
Stereotypes, 363–364
of sexual behavior, 499
Stimulants, 174, 175
Stimulus discrimination,
311, 321
Stimulus generalization,
310, 321
STM. See Short-term memory
(STM)
Stoic philosophers, 5
Strange Situation experimental
method, 83
Stress
and the body, 461–464
current approaches to,
462–463
hormones and stress, 453,
461–463, 473–474
coping with, 471
drawing on social support,
472–475
problem solving,
471–472
rethinking the problem, 472
emotion and, 468–470
and the mind, 465–467
nature of, 461–467
and prejudice, 370
toleration of, 466
The Stress of Life (Selye), 461
Stressful experiences, learning
from, 472