S-10 SUBJECT INDEX
Social cognition, 348
Social-cognitive learning
theorists, 7
Social-cognitive learning theory,
60, 72, 307, 331–333
Social comparisons, making, 472
Social development, childhood
amnesia and, 298
Social distance, 369–370
Social identities, 362
Social needs, 514
Social phobias, 389, 424
Social psychology, 341
Social support, 472–475
implicit, 474
Socialization, defined, 79
Sociocultural perspective, 7, 44
Soft drinks, 486
Somatic nervous system, 121
Somatosensory cortex, 136
Soothability, 57
Sound perception, 208
Sound waves, 205
Sour taste, 208
Source misattribution/
confusion, 271
South Korea, divorce in, 495
Southern culture of honor,
66–67
Species, personality and,
55, 56
Specific nerve energies, doctrine/
law of, 188–189
Speech, disorganized, 406
Sperry, Roger W., 138, 139, 141
Spinal cord, 120
Spinal cord injuries, stem cell
research and, 125
Spinal reflexes, 120–121
Split-brain surgery, 139
Split brains, 138–140
Spontaneous recovery, 309, 321
SQ3R method. See 3R technique
(read, recite, review)
Stagnation vs. generativity, 105
Standard deviation (SD),
A4, A9, 32
Standard scores, A6, A9
Standardized tests, 21
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale,
243–244
Stanford prison study,
345–346
State-dependent memory, 294
Statistical methods, A1–A9
bar graphs, A2, A3, A9
caution about, A2–A3
classes/intervals, A2
constructing frequency
distribution, A1–A2, A9
curves, A6–A7
normal, A6, A9
skewed, A6–A7, A9
data organization, A1–A3
descriptive statistics, A3, A9
frequency polygon,
A2, A3, A9
graphing data, A2–A3
graphs, A2Sexual arousal, 497
Sexual behavior, 500
Sexual coercion, 501–502
Sexual desire. See Desire
Sexual orientation, 503–505
Sexual pleasure, 500
Sexual scripts, 503
Sexually abused children, DSM
and identification of, 386
Sexually transmitted diseases
(STDs), 80
prenatal effects of, 80
Shadow and visual perception of
depth, 200
Shadow archetypes, 48
Shallow processing, 290
Shame vs. autonomy, 104
Shape constancy, 202
Shaping, 322–323
Sherif, Muzafer, 363
"Shock therapy," 425
Short-term memory (STM), 278,
280–281
rehearsal, 288–290
Shuar people, parentese in, 87
Shyness, 57
Sign languages, 85, 86. See also
American Sign Language
(ASL)
Signal detection theory, 191
Significance tests, 32, 38
Similarity (form perception),
200, 206
Similarity and love, 492
Simon, Théodore, 243
Single-blind study, 29
Situational attribution, 348
Size, relative, 201
Size constancy, 202
Skeletal nervous system, 121
Skewed curve, A6–A7, A9
Skills training, 428
Skin, senses of the, 211
Skinner, B. F., 318,
320–326, 334
Skinner, Deborah, 324
Skinner box, 320, 321
Sleep, 159–165. See also
Circadian rhythms;
Dreams
drugs affecting, 162–163
mental benefits of, 164
non-REM (NREM), 160–162
paradoxical, 161
rapid eye movement (REM),
160–162
realms of, 159–162
reasons for, 162–165
stages of, 160
Sleep apnea, 163
Sleep spindles, 160
Sleep-wake cycle, 154, 155
Sleeplessness, mental
consequences of,
162–163
Sleepwalking, 160
Smell. See Olfaction (smell)
Smiles, 459, 460
Snow, C. P., 346Self-concept, 297–298
Self-control, 95–96
Self-destructive behavior, 382
Self-discipline and intellectual
success, 252–254
Self-efficacy, 508–510, 515
Self-esteem
adolescents and, 102
need for, 514
rewards and, 328
Self-fulfilling prophecy, 509
Self-help books and groups,
evaluating, 441
Self-justification, slippery slope
of, 350, 351
Self-serving bias, 349
Self-transcendence, need for, 514
Selfishness, 329
Selye, Hans, 461–462
Semantic categories, 281
Semantic memories, 284
Semicircular canals, 206, 214
Senility, 108
Sensation, 187–188
defined, 187
doctrine/law of specific nerve
energies, 188–189
Sense organs, 187
Sense receptors, 188. See also
specific receptors
Senses, 188–193. See also
specific senses
measuring the, 189–191
of the skin, 211
Sensing without perceiving,
192–193
Sensitive periods. See Critical
periods
Sensorimotor stage, 90
Sensory adaptation, 191–192
Sensory deprivation, 192
Sensory nerves, 121
Sensory process, 191
Sensory register, 278–280
Separation, attachment, and
security, 83–84
Separation anxiety, 83
Serial-position effect, 284
Seroquel, 420
Serotonin, 126, 177
antipsychotic drugs and, 420
depression and, 392–393
Serotonin transporter, 128
Set-point theory, 484
Sex. See also Love
adolescent, 102, 103
motives for, 495–505
research on, 496–497
Sex addiction, 380–381, 410
Sex characteristics,
secondary, 101
Sex differences. See Gender
differences
Sex drive, 497
Sex hormones, 128
Sexism, 366
benevolent vs. hostile, 366
Sexual abuse, 274–275, 386
repression theory and, 295Rorschach, Hermann, 386
Rorschach Inkblot Test, 386
Rubella, 80
Rumination, 393–394
S
Sacks, Oliver, 214
SAD. See Seasonal affective
disorder (SAD)
Sadism and rape, 502
Sadness, 458
Salty taste, 208
Salvia divinorum, 175, 176
Samples, representative, 18
Sampling distribution, A7
Sarafem, 424
Saturation (colorfulness), 194
Savings method (memory
assessment), 277
Scales, 387
Scapegoating, 366
Schadenfreude, 457
Schemas
cognitive, 229, 278
gender, 98
Schizophrenia, 80, 406–409
cognitive impairment in, 406
defined, 406
grossly disorganized
and inappropriate
behavior, 406
occurrence of first full-blown
psychotic episode,
405–406
origins/causes/contributing
factors, 407–409
adolescent abnormalities in
brain development, 409
genetic predispositions, 408
prenatal problems and birth
complications, 409–410
structural brain
abnormalities, 408–409
symptoms of, 406
Scholastic Aptitude Test
(SAT), 21
School psychologists, 10
Scientific thinking in psychology,
13–17, 44
Scientist-practitioner gap,
434–435
defined, 435
Scores, transforming, A4–A6, A9
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD),
156–157
Secondary punishers, 318–319
Secondary reinforcers, 318–319
Secondary traits (personality), 52
Secure attachment, 83–84,
492, 493
Security needs, 514
Seizures, split-brain surgery
and, 139
Selective attention, 192
Selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitors (SSRIs), 421
Self-absorption, 54
Self-actualization, need for, 514
Self-actualized person, 69