Real Communication An Introduction

I-10 Index

persuasive speaking (continued)

sample, 489–494

strategies for, 476–485

subjectivity in, 435

topic and thesis development for, 467,

469–470

persuasive speeches, 338–339

phenomena, as topic for informative

presentations, 438

Phoenix, Joaquin, 13

phonological rules, 67

photographer profile, 551

phrase outlines, 390–391

physical appearance, nonverbal

communication by, 107–108

physical attractiveness, worldviews about,

123–124

physician profile, 167

physiological/survival needs, 473

pie charts, 424

Pilkington, Alexis, 227

pitch, 105

Pitch Perfect (film), 269

places, as topic for informative presentations,

437–438

plagiarism, 359, 360

plans, informative speaking and, 441

Pluralists, 136

police officer profile, 236

policies. See also sexual harassment policies

informative speaking and, 441

policy, propositions of, 469–470

politically correct language, 78

Pollett, Mary Parker, 308

polychronic cultures, 132

Pop Idol (TV show), 538

posters, as presentation aids, 424–425

power

coercive, 274–275

expert, 275

legitimate, 274

referent, 275

reward, 275

sources of, 274–277

power distance, 131

group leadership and, 284–285

power dynamics, conflict and, 219

practicing

for delivering speeches, 427–429

presentation aid use, 427–428

skills for intercultural communication,

146–147

pragma, 186

pragmatics, 72

precontemplation stage in stages of change

model, 472

predictability, in interpersonal relationships, 198

predictions, inaccurate, conflict and, 217

prejudice, 44–45

preparation, for job interviews, 516–520

preparation outlines, 391, 393–397

for interviews, 512

for public speaking anxiety, 407

preparation stage in stages of change model, 472

presentation aids, 421–427

flip charts and whiteboards as, 425

function of, 422

graphs and charts as, 423–424

handouts as, 425–426

for informative speaking, 454

media clips and images as, 423

models as, 423

posters and transparencies as, 424–425

practicing use of, 427–428

presentation software as, 426–427

props as, 422, 423

The Presentation Secrets of Steve Jobs (Gallo), 335

presentations. See public speaking; speeches

presentation software, 426–427

previewing, main points of speech, 382

primacy-recency effect, 371, 379

primary groups, 245

primary questions, 160, 507

Principia Ethica (Moore), 485

prior knowledge, building on, 452–453

privacy, communication privacy management

theory and, 199–201

problem-solution pattern

for persuasive speaking, 485–486

for speeches, 371

problem-solving groups, 245

problem-solving interviews, 502–503

problem-solving process, 288–291

processes

in competent communication, 13

informative speaking and, 440

productive conflict, 215–216

profanity, 79

programming languages, 75

Project Runway (TV show), 154, 278

Pronto Market, 311–312

propositions of fact, 467, 469

propositions of policy, 469–470

propositions of value, 469

props, as presentation aids, 422, 423

protégés, 315–316

provocation, conflict and, 218

proxemics, 108–110

proximity, relationship formation and,

189–190

pseudolistening, 170

psychographics, of audience, 342–344

psychological forces, shaping group decision

making, 287

public-private dimension, of situational

context, 117

public speaking, 30. See also speeches

defined, 336

importance of, 336

public speaking anxiety, 404–408

building confidence and, 405,

407–408

identifying triggers for, 404–405

self-assessment of, 406

treatment of, 408

punctuated equilibrium process, 249, 251

purpose of speech

introducing, 382

reinforcing in conclusion, 383

quasi-scientific explanations, 446–447

questioning techniques, 160

questions

anticipating for job interviews, 523–524

asking in job interviews, 524, 526

for audience analysis, 346

bipolar, 506

capturing audience’s attention with, 381

closed, 506

in conclusion of speech, 385

construction of, 507–508

difficult or unethical, in job

interviews, 524

directed, 508–509

for interviews, 505–510

language and, 69

leading, 509

loaded, 509

neutral, 509

open, 506

primary, 507

primary and secondary, 160

secondary, 507

sequence of, in interviews, 509–510

Quinto, Zachary, 103

quotations

capturing audience’s attention with, 380–381

in conclusion of speech, 384

as sources, 354

The Rachel Ray Show (TV show), 442–443

Radcliffe, Daniel, 35, 60, 61

Reagan, Ronald, 27, 380

reasoning, 479

recalling information, 154

receiver, 20

receiver apprehension, 167, 169

receptive audiences, 471

recognition seeker role, 259–260

reconciliation, 234–237

apology and, 234–235

forgiveness, 235–237

reconciliation stage of a relationship,

207–208

Redding, Savana, 27

redefinition stage of mentor-protégé

relationship, 316

red herring fallacy, 482

reduction to the absurd, 482

referent power, 275

refutational organizational pattern, for

persuasive speaking, 486–487

regional accents, 415

regulation, conversational, by nonverbal

behavior, 98

regulators, 103

rehearsal, 427

for public speaking anxiety, 407

reinforcing, language and, 70

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