Index I-9neutral questions, 509
The New York Times, 226
niche marketing, 536–537
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 216
Nimoy, Leonard, 103
noise, 20
nonbinding straw polls, 294
noncommitment, latitude of, 471
nonverbal codes. See also body movements
environment as, 111
eye behavior as, 104–105, 106
facial expressions as, 103–104
gestures as, 101–103
physical appearance, 107–108
proxemics as, 108–110
territoriality as, 110–111
time orientation and, 113
touch as, 111–113
voice as, 105, 107
nonverbal communication, 93–117. See also
body movements
ambiguous, 95–96
believability of, 96
codes and. See nonverbal codes
communicative nature of, 94
contradicting verbal messages, 97–98
culture and, 114–115
deception by, 99, 101
immediacy created by, 99
interaction management and, 98
in interviews, 507
mediated, 115–116
reinforcing verbal messages, 97
situational context and, 116–117
spontaneous, 95
substituting for verbal messages, 97
unintentional, 95
norming stage of group development, 249
norms, 249
group climate and, 264–265
note taking, accuracy of, 359–362
NOVA science-NOW (TV series), 433
novelty, in interpersonal relationships, 198
nurse attire, 109
nurturing cultures, 130Obama, Barack, 102–103, 367, 399, 442,
545–546
Obama, Michelle, 140–141
objectivity, in informative speaking, 435
objects, as topic for informative
presentations, 438
obliging, 228–229
Occupy Wall Street movement, 246
O’Connor, Sandra Day, 27
oculesics, 104
The Office (TV series), 314
Ohno, Apolo, 58
Oliver, Jamie, 465, 495
online anonymity, conflict and, 225–227
online gaming, gender and, 137
online groups, communication apprehension
and, 267online language, 87, 89
online research, to generate supporting
material, 355–357
openness
in interpersonal relationships, 197–198
in systems, 309
open questions, 506
operational definitions, 445
opportunities, created by effective listening, 159
oral citations, 393
oratory, 409
organizational assimilation, 313
organizational communication, 28, 305–330
communication technology and,
320–323
globalization and, 323–324
of organizational culture, 310–313
relational contexts and, 313–318
sexual harassment and, 326–329
work-life balance and, 324–326
workplace conflict and, 319–320
organizational culture, 26, 310–313
organizational assimilation and, 313
organizational storytelling and, 310–312
organizational heroes, 311–312
organizational management, 306–310
classical approach to, 306–307
human relations approach to, 307–308
human resources approach to, 308–309
systems approach to, 309–310
organizational storytelling, 310–312
organizations. See also workplace
adaptability of, 309–310
communication in. See organizational
communication
communication technology in, 320–323
defined, 306
mentor-protégé relationships in,
315–316
peer relationships in, 316–318
relational contexts in, 313–318
supervisor-supervisee relationships in,
314–315
outcomes, 13
outgroup members, 253
outgroups, 137
outlining speeches, 396–398
guidelines for, 387–389
preparation (working), 391, 393–397, 407
self-assessment of your skills in, 392
speaking (delivery) outlines, 391,
393–394, 397–398, 427
styles of outlines for, 390–391
overaccommodation, 146
overconfidence, 166
overexcitement, as listening barrier, 165–166paralanguage, 105
paralinguistic cues, 115
paraphrasing, 162
Parks and Recreation (TV show), 278–279
participative leaders, 278
partner, meaning of, 65, 89passing away, 207
passive listeners, 155
passive strategies, 195
pathos, 445, 476, 481
patient-doctor communication, 151, 175
Paul, Alice, 281–282
Paul, Peggy, 442–443
Pauson, Maximus Julius, 45
Pavley, John, 75
Peace Corps, 124
peer communications, 317
peer instruction, 443
peer relationships, in organizations, 316–318
people-oriented listeners, 157
as topic for informative presentations, 437
perception, 35–60
barriers to, 43–45
behavior and, 54–60
cognitions and, 45, 47–51, 53–54
cultural context and, 41–43
distorted, 39
of hair color, 42
improving, 40
inaccurate, conflict due to, 217
interpretation of, 39–40
organization of, 37–39
selective, 38–39
of self, assessing, 51, 53–54
performance appraisals, 503
performance evaluation, for groups, 298–300
performance visualization, for public speak-
ing anxiety, 407
performing stage of group development, 249
peripheral processing, 475
perps, 262
Perry, Chris, 517
personal attacks, 482–483
personal identity, 136–137
personal needs, relationship formation and, 191
personal space
culture and, 10
zones of, 108–109
persuasion, 466
resistance to, self-assessment of, 468
persuasive interviews, 502–503
persuasive speaking, 465–495
audience disposition and, 470–472
audience needs and, 473–474
comparative advantage pattern for, 487
defined, 466
ethos and, 477–478
goals of, 466–467
informative speaking compared with,
435, 436
intercultural, 480
logical fallacies and, 482–485
logos and, 479–480
Monroe’s motivated sequence for, 487–489
pathos and, 481
problem-solution pattern for, 485–486
refutational organizational pattern for,
486–487
relevance to audience and, 474–4762 23_OHA_45766_Index_I_1_13.indd I-9 3 OHA 45766 _IndexI 1 _ 13 .indd I- 9 13/10/14 5:41 PM 13 / 10 / 14 5 : 41 PM