Slave Soldiers and Islam_ The Genesis of a Military System - Daniel Pipes

244

Slave-kings,xixnl6,23,24nl,48,49,

51,52-53, 66

Slave-master

relationship,

8,

19,21,

28,30,89-90,98-99.Seealso

Freedman,

relationship

with

pa-

tron;Mawlas,patronrelationships

Slaverevolts,24,40,45,

189;

fear

of,

26-27

Slavery:Islamicatetermsfor,15-16;

Muslim

andOrientalistviewsof,

13-15;

in

NorthAmerica, 17 (see

alsoAmericanCivil

War);true,14,

18-23

Slavesoldiers.

SeeMilitaryslaves

Slave

status,17,19,28;

inIslamic

law,

93-94,97;manumission

and,

21-22

Slave

terminology,

xxii,xxvi,5-6,

195-98

Slaves:abundanceofin

Islamdom,

95-96;asemergency

manpower

source,34;female,23, 35,44,96,

150;forcedto

fight

own

people,30;

askhums,97-98,

141-42;paidas

tax/tribute,142-43;in

warfare,

24-53,93,94-95,109-39,161-66.

Seealso

Governmentslaves;Mawlas;

Militaryslaves;Slave-masterre-

lationship;

Unfree,the

Slaves,freed.SeeFreedmen

Slaves,

ordinary:military

functionof,

31-35;

militaryskillsof,25-26;in

warfare,6-10,24-35

Slaves,true:defined,16;

diverse

po-

sitionsof,16-18;

military

slaves

as,

12-23

Slavs,47;

preferred

as

soldiers,

183.

Seealso

SaqMiba

Socialrank, 98

Soghdia,127,128,146;
gathered

childrentotrain

asslaves,162-63

Soldiers:
Arabian,160,168-70;

mawlasas,159,

167-74,187;pro-

fessional,149-51

qualificationsof,

94;

and

tribal

organization

of

army,

167-68iunreliabilityof,168-70,

Index

179-80,194.Seealso

Marginal

area

soldiers;Militaryslaves;Slaves,in

warfare

SoutheastAsia,xv

Spain,

xv,xx,72;unfree

fightingin,

124-27

SpanishUmayyads.

See

Umayyad

dynasty,Spanish

Stirrup:

asreasonfor

militaryslavery,

55-58

Su’fib

(ghulm), 165

SudaneseMahdiya, 52

Sufimasters

(pirs),

74

Sufiorders,59, 74

Sufis, 70

.Suhaybb.Sinn, 116

Sulaymfin(caliph),126, 142

Sulaymfin

b.

Hishfim, 129

Sunna, 67

Sunni

Muslims, 73

Suyfit.i,

as-, 210

Syria,

115,154,168,169, 173

.Tabari,at.-,

122-23,158,164, 211

Tabaristan,115,116,128;rulerof,

190

.Thir

b..Tal.ha,

180

Tahiriddynasty,88,177n71

Ta’if,112,120, 141

Talas,Battleof, 177

Tal.ha,

114

Tal.ha

b.

Tfihir,

147

Tammhm

b.eAlqama, 130

T’angdynasty,

alliancewith

Abbasids,

177

Tangiers, 125

Tarif

(mawla),125, 126

Tariqb.Ziyhd,125-27, 141

T.arqas,

73-74, 78

Tarkhfin(ruler), 127

Tarsuna(place),130,192n132

Tartars, 200

Tartusha(place),192rd32

Tashkent, 177

Tax/tribute:slaves

as,142-43, 147

Tayffar, 205