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Introduction

1. Albert A. Nofi , Th e Spanish American War, 1898 (Cambridge, MA: Da
   Capo Press, 1997).


2. N o fi , Spanish American War ; Lewis L. Gould, Th e Spanish American War
   and President McKinley (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1980,
   1982), 70–71.


3. N o fi , Spanish American War , chap. 5; Gould, Spanish American War and
   President McKinley , 75–76.


4. Th is fi gure is larger than the total that eventually participated in the inva-
   sion because some units were withheld from the actual attack.


5. Th e United States committed 8,000 troops to counterterrorism opera-
   tions in Afghanistan in 2002. Seth G. Jones, In the Graveyard of Empires:
   America’s War in Afghanistan (New York: Norton, 2009, 2010), 115.


6. Among many published accounts of the Iraq invasion, see especially
   Th omas E. Ricks, Fiasco: Th e American Military Adventure in Iraq (New
   York: Penguin Books, 2006, 2007) ; Michael R. Gordon and General Ber-
   nard E. Trainor, Cobra II: Th e Inside Story of the Invasion and Occupation
   of Iraq (New York: Pantheon, 2006).


7. American naval forces launched a swift attack on the Spanish in Manila
   Bay and occupied the city of Manila. See Brian McAllister Linn, Th e
   Philippine War, 1899–1902 (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2000).


8. Early Bush administration discussions about Iraq are recounted in Bob
   Woodward, Bush at War (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2002).

Notes