Elusive Victories_ The American Presidency at War-Oxford University Press (2012)

374 notes to pages 31‒41

Such an outlook has a long lineage, as some earlier generations of historians

regarded the war as a tragic and avoidable mistake.

3. See especially James M. McPherson, Abraham Lincoln and the Second
   American Revolution (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), chap. 4 ;
   McPherson, Tried by War ; Gabor S. Boritt, ed. Lincoln’s Generals (New
   York: Oxford University Press, 1994) ; Eric Foner, Reconstruction: America’s
   Unfi nished Revolution, 1863–1877 (1988; reprint ed., New York: Perennial
   Classics, 2002).


4. Eliot A. Cohen, Supreme Command: Soldiers, Statesmen, and Leadership
   in Wartime (New York: Anchor Books/Random House, 2002), chap. 2.


5. McPherson, Tried by War , 9.


6. Richard Franklin Bensel, Yankee Leviathan: Th e Origins of Central State
   Authority in America, 1859–1877 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
   1990), 101, 103.


7. McPherson, Tried by War , 14.


8. Abraham Lincoln, “First Inaugural Address,” in Lincoln, Selected Speeches
   and Writings (New York: Vintage/Library of America, 1992), 284–93.


9. Marvel, Mr. Lincoln Goes to War , 20.


10. McPherson, Tried by War , 9–10. By way of historical parallels, all modern
    states have suppressed secessionist movements, so any other choice by
    Lincoln would have been surprising. Bensel, Yankee Leviathan , 60.


11. McPherson, Tried by War , 14–21.


12. Marvel, Mr. Lincoln Goes to War , 50–56.


13. Marvel, Mr. Lincoln Goes to War , 30–31.


14. McPherson, Tried by War , 7–8; David Herbert Donald, Lincoln (New
    York: Simon and Schuster, 1995), 296.


15. McPherson, Abraham Lincoln and the Second American Revolution , 73.


16. McPherson, Tried by War , 35–36; McPherson, Abraham Lincoln and the
    Second American Revolution , 75–76.


17. McPherson, Abraham Lincoln and the Second American Revolution ,
    81–82.


18. McPherson, Tried by War , 58–59.


19. McPherson, Tried by War , 59–60.


20. McPherson, Abraham Lincoln and the Second American Revolution , 85.


21. McPherson, Abraham Lincoln and the Second American Revolution , 83–84.


22. McPherson, Abraham Lincoln and the Second American Revolution , 84–85.


23. McPherson, Abraham Lincoln and the Second American Revolution , 85.


24. McPherson, Tried by War , 86.


25. Herman Hattaway, “Lincoln’s Presidential Example in Dealing with the
    Military,” Papers of the Abraham Lincoln Association 7 (1985): 23–24.


26. McPherson, Abraham Lincoln and the Second American Revolution , 86–87.


27. Abraham Lincoln, “Second Inaugural Address,” in Lincoln, Selected
    Speeches and Writings (New York: Vintage/Library of America,
    1992), 450.