4 Practice B
Possible answers include:
Customs: holidays and festivals, ways of greeting people
Everyday patterns: types of shop, shop opening times
Inevitable differences: language, currency
Rapid changes of mood: depression, elation
Relatively short period: two/three months
Some aspects of their new surroundings: freedom, independence
5 Restatement
(a) The company’s overheads, in other words the fixed costs, doubled last year.
(b) During a bear market, that is a period of falling share prices, few investors make money.
(c) The Indian capital, namely New Delhi, has a thriving commercial centre.
(d) The best-selling car of all time (i.e. the Toyota Corolla) has ceased production.
2.8 Generalisations
2 Structure
Model answers:
(b) Job satisfaction is not always related to the rate of pay.
(c) A weak currency tends to raise a country’s level of exports.
(d) Spending on R&D is often linked to the introduction of new products.
(e) High rates of unemployment normally reduce the level of consumer spending.
(f) Cold weather is likely to increase demand for gas.
3 Overgeneralising
(a) Accurate
(b) Unemployment in 2009 was higher than in 1999 or 1989.
(c) Interest rates were lower in 2009 than in 1999 or 1989.
(d) Accurate
4 Practice
Model sentences:
(a) Most attempts to replicate Silicon Valley in other countries have failed.
(b) The reasons for Silicon Valley’s success have not been understood.
(c) There are three ways in which such centres can grow.
(d) A recession can lead to the growth of new companies.
(e) A business-friendly culture is vital for success.