and long interpolated tales. Part II (74 chapters), which
Cervantes hastily completed because an unknown author
(“Alonso Fernández de Avellaneda”) had published a spu-
rious sequel in 1614, continues the adventures but with
fewer digressions and a much greater unity of action. In
the course of events, the characters of Quixote and Sancho
acquire a new depth until finally Quixote returns home,
recovers his sanity, and dies. The book’s success was im-
mediate and its influence enduring. It was translated into
English (by Thomas Shelton, 1612–20) and French
(1614–18) in Cervantes’ lifetime, and into Italian shortly
afterwards (1622–25). Shelton’s version was republished
in the Tudor Translations series (1896; repr. 1967), and
another edition of this version, published in 1901, has il-
lustrations by Frank Brangwyn. J. M. Cohen’s translation,
The Adventures of Don Quixote (Harmondsworth, U.K.,
1950) has frequently been reprinted in the Penguin Clas-
sics series. A more recent version is that for Norton Criti-
cal Editions by Burton Raffel (New York, 1999).
Dorat, Jean See DAURAT, JEAN
Dordrecht, Synod of See DORT, SYNOD OF
Doria, Andrea (1466–1560) Genoese statesman, admiral,
and patron of the arts
After fighting for the papacy and Naples he fitted out eight
galleys to defeat the Barbary pirates and the Turks in the
Mediterranean and won great acclaim by defeating the
Turkish fleet at Pianosa (1519). He helped FRANCIS Iof
France take Genoa (1527), but changed sides (1528), ob-
tained the protection of Emperor CHARLES V, and drove the
French out. He then established his authority over Genoa,
suppressing conspiracies and developing oligarchic rule.
As grand admiral of the imperial fleet he helped Charles V
take Tunis (1535). He came out of retirement to lead the
Genoese reconquest of Corsica (1559).
Doria, Gian Andrea (1539–1606) Genoese nobleman,
grand-nephew and heir of Andrea Doria
When Andrea retired (1555) he handed over the com-
mand of his squadron to Gian Andrea, whose record as a
naval commander proved disappointing; he failed to take
Djerba (1560) and his squadron performed poorly for the
imperial fleet at LEPANTO(1571). After his grand-uncle’s
death Gian Andrea joined the older Genoese nobility in
their struggle for power against the newer nobility.
Dort, Synod of (1618–19) An assembly of the Dutch Re-
formed Church at Dordrecht (Dort), to settle disputes
arising from the Arminian Remonstrance (see ARMINIAN-
ISM) to the states general of the United Provinces. The of-
ficial delegates were all Gomarists, that is, strict
Calvinists. Representatives of the REMONSTRANTS were
heard, but took no part in the procedure, and they were
eventually expelled. Emissaries from German, Swiss, and
British churches were present, the English delegation in-
cluding three future bishops and John Hales, chaplain to
the ambassador. A new Dutch version of the Bible was
commissioned, and arrangements were made for a new
catechism and for the censorship of books. Five sets of ar-
ticles were approved, asserting the doctrines of election
not dependent on belief, limited atonement (for the elect
only), the total depravity of man, irresistible grace, and
the impossibility of the elect’s falling into sin. The author-
ity of the BELGIC CONFESSIONand the HEIDELBERG CATE-
CHISMwas also endorsed. As a result of this sweeping
victory for Calvinism, many Arminian ministers were de-
prived, GROTIUSwas imprisoned, and OLDENBARNEVELDT
beheaded.
See also: PREDESTINATIONDossi, Dosso (Giovanni di Luteri) (c. 1480–1542)
Italian painter
He was born in Mantua or Ferrara but little is known
about his early life. The romantic approach to landscape
that is particularly apparent in his early work indicates the
influence of GIORGIONE. He may also have had contact
with TITIAN. By 1512 he had left Venice for Mantua, where
with his elder brother Battista (died 1548) he carried out
for the duke of Mantua decorations which revealed the
possible influence of CORREGGIO. In 1517 the brothers
were working for Alfonso I, Duke of Ferrara, producing
tapestries and entertainments, the latter with the poet AR-
IOSTO. Although Dosso Dossi has been accused of poor
draftsmanship he was the leading figure in the school of
Ferrara in the 16th century. One of his most famous paint-
ings, Circe (1530; Galleria Borghese, Rome) is an example
of the mysterious atmosphere he was able to create with
effects of light. The equally well-known Circe and her
Lovers in a Landscape (National Gallery, Washington), the
second version of an earlier painting, is an example of his
later work with rich exotic landscapes. Dossi died in Fer-
rara.Douai A Flemish town (formerly in the Spanish Nether-
lands, now in France) particularly associated in the
Counter-Reformation period with the college established
there in 1568 by William ALLENfor the training of English
Roman Catholic priests. The college’s printing press was
active in producing Roman Catholic tracts, and its schol-
ars were responsible for the Reims-Douai translation of
the Vulgate into English (New Testament 1582, Old Testa-
ment 1609). A number of the priests associated with
Douai were captured and executed on their clandestine
missions to England to support the Catholics there and re-
call the Protestants to the Catholic faith. Among them
were Cuthbert Mayne, the first priest to be executed
(1577), and Edmund CAMPION, who were both at Douai in
the 1570s.114466 DDoorraatt,, JJeeaann