matter 156 , 157
Matterhorn 247
Mauna, Kea, Hawaii 45
Maya 230, 281, 339, 381
McCurry, Steve 325
McLellan, William 186
Mead, Margaret 295
measurements 155 , 164, 165, 176
Mecca 290
mechanical advantage 196
media 298–99
medicine 151 , 163, 167, 194, 195, 207, 211
medicine men 283
meditation 289
Mediterranean 63, 374
seafarers 374
megabytes 190
megaliths 366
melanin 133, 149
melody 331
melting 171
Mendeleyev, Dimitri Ivanovich 161
menorah 287
Mercury 14, 18
Mesa Verde, Colorado 380
Mesopotamia 368 , 369, 372, 373
mesosphere 49
metal detectors 186
metals 160 , 169, 174, 175
metalworkers 327, 367 , 372, 380, 383, 388, 402, 405
metamorphosis 101 , 115
meteorites 23
meteorology 50
meteors 23
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York 324
Mexico 217, 222–23, 230–31, 296, 312, 339, 405
Mexico City 218, 231, 402
mice 122
micro motors 186
micro-organisms 72, 85
microbes 208, 210
microbiology 72
microchips 189
microclimates 63
microhabitats 82
microphones 177
microprocessors 190
microscopes 72, 181, 411
microwaves 193
Mid-Atlantic Ridge 41, 45
Middle East 264–65, 314, 364–65, 368, 369,
372–73, 435
Middle Eastern empires 372-73
Midnight Sun 249
Midsummer Night’s Dream, A 341
migration:
animals 99, 111, 119 , 224, 277
people 217, 223, 231, 237, 362, 384
Milky Way 10, 13, 27
Millennium Stadium, Cardiff 251
millipedes 107
mime 325, 345
minarets 240, 290, 386
minerals 47 , 131, 150
mining 198, 204, 258
Minoans 374
Mir Space Station 33
Miranda 20
mirrors 179
mites 108
mixtures 172–73, 174
mobile phones 192
Moldova 247, 259
molecules 157 , 159, 172
molluscs 102, 106
Mona Lisa 320, 398
Monaco 218, 246, 253
monarchy 404, 406, 410 , 415, 436, 437
Mongolia 261, 268, 269
Mongols 392
monkeys 100, 122, 176
monks 271, 289
monocotyledons 92
monotremes 123monsoons 51 , 266
Monument Valley, Arizona 229
Moon 10, 15, 17 , 30, 290
moons 19, 20, 21
Morocco 238, 239, 241
Morris, William 327
Moscow 259, 288, 308
mosques 240, 264, 290, 386, 387, 394, 397
mosquitos 85
moss 90
moths 99, 100, 101, 111
motion 165 , 325
motor neurons 138
moulds 86
Mount Everest 45, 215, 260, 266
Mount Fuji 282
Mount Kilauea 44
Mount Kilimanjaro 220, 239
Mount McKinley 223
Mount Pinatubo 260
Mount Rushmore 229
Mount St Helens 44
mountains 45 , 62, 63, 84 , 220
Africa 220, 239, 244–45
Andes 45, 232, 234
Asia 45, 215, 260, 266, 282
Europe 84, 214, 247, 254, 255
North America 44, 222, 223, 225, 229
mouth 142–43
MP3 players 351
MRI scans 128 , 139, 140, 146–47, 163
mucus 136, 142, 143, 145
mudskippers 112
muezzin 240, 290
Muhammad 289, 386
Mumbai (Bombay), India 267
mummies 282, 371
muscles 128, 129, 132 , 137, 145, 149
mushrooms 71, 86
music 271, 297, 330–31, 333 , 336, 338, 343
musical instruments 176, 177, 330, 331, 332 , 333,
334, 335
musicals 338
Muslims 290
Mussolini, Benito 431
Muybridge, Eadweard 325
Myanmar (Burma) 261, 270, 271, 289, 397
Mycenaeans 360, 374, 376
myths 281, 340, 342N
Nagasaki 433
Namib Desert 84, 220, 238
Namibia 238, 239, 244, 245
nanotechnology 195
Napoleon Bonaparte 310, 385, 415, 416 , 420, 437
Napoleonic Wars 416, 437
national grid 187
national parks 228, 242, 275
nationalism 312, 421
nations 312 , 314, 315, 317
natural selection 74–75
nature:
algae 87
animals 78–79, 96–124
biology 72–73
fossils 76
fungi 86
habitats 82–84
lichen 87
life on Earth 70–71
micro-organisms 85
plants 88–95
prehistoric life 77–79
navigation 400, 401
Naysmith, James 418
Nazis 431, 432–33
Neanderthals 75, 362
Near-Earth Objects 23
nebulas 24 , 29
nectar 93Nenet people 263
Nepal 260, 266, 267
Neptune 10, 14, 21
nervous system 138–39
nests 118
Netherlands 246, 254, 255, 317
networks 191
neurons 138 , 139, 149
neutrons 157, 161
New World 400, 401
New World Order 314-15
New York City, USA 218, 223, 226, 293, 324,
329, 409
New York Stock Exchange 302
New Zealand 116, 119, 273, 274, 275 , 425
Maoris 275, 396 , 425
Newfoundland, Canada 224, 388
Newman, Paul 346
newspapers 298, 299, 437
Newton, Sir Isaac 10, 163 , 180, 411
newtons 164
newts 114, 115
Niagara Falls 225
Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia 428
nickel 161, 174, 175, 183
Niepce, Joseph Nicéphore 325
Niger 150, 218, 238, 242
Nigeria 238, 239, 242, 243, 395
nirvana 289
nitrogen cycle 81
Noises Off 345
nomads 240, 262, 264, 387
non-fiction 342
Normans 389
North America 214, 216, 222–23, 224–29
American Indians 228, 281, 408 , 409, 417
colonies 400, 409 , 414, 417, 437
early Americans 380
prehistory 363
northern hemisphere 214
Norway 246–47, 248–49, 388, 436
nose 136, 143
novels 340, 341 , 348
nuclear energy 61 , 167
nuclear family 300
nuclear forces 164
nuclear waste 167
nucleus 128
Nuremberg rallies 431
nutrient cycles 81
nutrition 150
see also digestionO
obas 395
obesity 150
observatories 12 , 29 , 33
Oceania 272–73
oceans 17, 37, 40–41, 82 , 214, 215
octopuses 106
oesophagus 136, 142, 144, 145
oil 60, 65, 172
sources 224, 229, 234, 243, 251, 264
uses 204, 206
oil refineries 206
oil rigs 206
Old World 401
Olympic Games 356–57, 377
Olympus Mons 19
omnivores 98
1,001 Nights 340
Oort Cloud 21, 22
opacity 178
opencast mining 204
opera 308, 338 , 340
Operation Overlord 432
opossums 100, 123
optic nerves 140, 141
oracle bones 369
orbiters 32 , 227
orbits 14, 21, 28orchestra 308, 335
organic farming 66, 207
organs 129
Orthodox Church 246, 256, 385
oryx 125
Oscars 347
osteoporosis 149
Otavalo Indians 235
Othman I, Sultan 397
Ottoman Empire 385, 397
ovaries 93, 147, 148, 149
ovum (ova) 148, 149
Owen, Wilfred 427
owls 99, 124
oxidisation 174
oxygen 30, 134, 136, 137, 160, 161, 411
ozone layer 49P
pacemakers 185
Pacific Ocean 214, 215, 220
paddy fields 66
pagodas 289
painting 320–21, 325, 386, 390, 398, 407
Aboriginal 320, 363
cave paintings 362, 379
wall paintings 360, 382
palaeontology 76
Palestinians 264, 312, 313, 435
Pampas 236
Panama Canal 230
pancreas 144, 145, 147
paparazzi 299
paperbacks 341
papillae 142
Paralympics 356
paramecium 85
parasites 105 , 113
parenting 301
Parsis 284
Parthenon, Athens 257, 329, 376–77
particles 156, 157, 159
Pasteur, Louis 85
Patagonia 233
Pathfinder probe 19
patronage 399
Pearl Harbor 432
peasants 391, 412, 436
peat 48, 60
peat bogs 83
pencils 322
pendulums 165
penguins 84, 119, 276
penicillin 86, 208
penis 148
Pepys, Samuel 342
perennial plants 71
periodic table 161
peristalsis 145
Persephone 342
Persian Empire 375
perspective 321
Peru 232, 234, 235, 304, 380, 402, 420
pesticides 207
PET scans 129 , 139
Petipa, Marius 337
Petra, Jordan 264
Petronas Towers, Kuala Lumpur 203, 271, 329
pH scale 162
pharaohs 370 , 371
pharmaceuticals 207
pharynx 136, 143
pheromones 100
Philippines 260, 261, 270, 271
philosophy 292–93
phloem 89, 94
Phoenicians 369, 374
photography 187, 220, 325 , 361
photons 159, 178
photosynthesis 89
physics 163442 Index