The French Revolution and Napoleon, 1789–1815 411major victories over the Austrians at Ulm (October
1805) and combined Austro-Russian forces at Austerlitz
(December 1805). Napoleon was so proud of his great
victory at Austerlitz that he adopted all children of the
French soldiers killed in that battle, promising that the
government would support them, educate them, and
find husbands for the daughters and jobs for the sons.
He then pressed his troops on, and they defeated the
Prussians, who had belatedly joined the coalition, at
Jena (October 1806) and the retreating Russians at
Friedland (June 1807). In less than two years of fight-
ing, Napoleon had gained control of central Europe.
Napoleon exploited his victories to redraw the map
of Europe (see map 21.2). He abolished the Holy Ro-
man Empire, reducing Francis I to emperor of Austria.
In 1806 he amalgamated western Germany into a pup-
pet state called the Confederation of the Rhine. Hol-
land was made a kingdom and given to his brother,
Louis Bonaparte. The territory that Prussia had seized
in the second and third partitions of Poland was taken
from her to form another client state, the grand duchy
of Warsaw. Italy was divided into three regions: North-
ern Italy became the Kingdom of Italy, with Napoleon
as the nominal king; central Italy was directly annexed
to France; and southern Italy became the Kingdom of
Naples, with Napoleon’s brother-in-law, Murat, named
king. Territory along the Adriatic Coast (previously
governed by Venice) and the northern coast ofLeipzig 1813Borodino 1812Friedland 1807
Eylau 1807Austerlitz 1805Pyramids 1798Aboukir Bay 1798Marengo 1800Auerstädt 1806
Waterloo 1815 Jena 1806Ulm 1805Trafalgar 1805CorsicaSardiniaCrete CyprusMaltaPyr
ene
esM
ts.Alps Mts.TaurusMts.Atlantic
Ocean
Black SeaNorth
SeaMediterranean SeaBalticSeaBalearicIslandsMarseillesBerlinMoscow
Tilsit Smolensk
DanzigKievPressburgZürichCopenhagenLondon
BrusselsParisMilan
GenoaElba Rome
Madrid
LisbonViennaCairoWarsawFRENCH
EMPIRERUSSIAN
EMPIREAUSTRIAN
EMPIREOTTOMAN
EMPIREKINGDOM
OF SICILYKINGDOM
OF NAPLESKINGDOM
OF
ITALYEGYPTSPAINPORTUGALGREAT
BRITAINNORWAY
SWEDENDENMARKSAXONYPRUSSIAILLYRIAN
PROVINCESSWITZERLAND BAVARIAGRAND DUCHY
OF WARSAW
CONFEDERATION OF
THE RHINEWURTTEM-
BERG
GRAND DUCHY
OF BADENEbro
R.RhineR.PoR.
Danube
R.Dni
eperR
Dniester.R.0 250 500 Miles0 250 500 750 KilometersFrench empire
Under French control
Allied to FranceNapoleon's route, 1812
Battle site
Members of the Grand Coalition
SPAIN against Napoleon (1809-1814)MAP 21.2
The Napoleonic Empire