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Further Reading 167

Wofford, Of Kennedys and Kings(1980), Edwin Guthman, We Band of

Brothers(1971), Arthur Schlesinger, A Thousand Days(1965), Theodore

Sorensen, Kennedy(1965), Victor Navasky, Kennedy Justice(1971), and

Evan Thomas, Robert Kennedy(2000). Lyndon Johnson’s civil rights record

is detailed in James Harvey, Black Civil Rights during the Johnson

Administration(1973), and Robert Dallek, Lone Star Rising(1991) and

Flawed Giant(1998). The limits of Johnson’s antipoverty reforms are dis-

cussed in Allan Matusow, The Unraveling of America(1984). Hugh Davis

Graham, The Civil Rights Era(1990), dissects federal civil rights policy from

Kennedy to Nixon. Doug McAdam, Political Process and the Development

of Black Insurgency(1999), demonstrates that the northern black political

power pushed the federal government to guarantee basic civil rights. Jack

Bloom, Class, Race and the Civil Rights Movement(1987), points to the

declining clout of the plantation aristocracy to explain why black civil rights

could advance. Hubert Humphrey’s indispensable role in pushing for civil

rights legislation is told in Timothy Thurber, The Politics of Equality: Hubert

H. Humphrey and the African American Freedom Struggle(1999). The

enactment of the epic 1964 Civil Rights Act is explored in Charles Whalen

and Barbara Whalen, The Longest Debate(1985), and Robert Mann,

The Walls of Jericho(1996). Bruce Dierenfield, Keeper of the Rules(1987),

studies how the conservative coalition obstructed civil rights measures in

Congress. In Nixon’s Civil Rights(2001), Dean Kotlowski argues that Nixon

emphasized economic improvement, rather than integration, to address

racial problems. Earl Black, Southern Governors and Civil Rights(1976),

examines the impact of segregation on southern elections.

Women

Barbara Ransby, Ella Barker and the Black Freedom Movement(2003), is

a biography of a civil rights activist who midwifed SNCC. Septima Clark, a

key figure in the voting-rights campaign, is remembered in Cynthia Stokes

Brown’s Ready from Within (1986). Anne Braden, The Wall Between

(1958), Sarah Patton Boyle, The Desegregated Heart(1962), and Virginia

Durr, Outside the Magic Circle(1985), are autobiographies of white south-

ern women who took the lead in fighting for civil rights. Chana Kai Lee’s

For Freedom’s Sake(1999) is a biography of the unforgettable Fannie

Lou Hamer. Cynthia Griggs Fleming, Soon We Will Not Cry(1998), tells

the life story of a little-remembered activist, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson.

Paula Giddings, When and Where I Enter(1984), examines the role of

black women in the movement. There are two excellent collections on

black women activists: Bettye Collier-Thomas and V.P. Franklin, Sisters in

the Struggle(2001), and Vicki Crawford et al., Women in the Civil Rights

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