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Movement(1993). In this same vein, Lynne Olson discusses black and

white women leaders from 1830 onward in Freedom’s Daughters(2001).

Constance Curry et al., Deep in Our Heart(2000), looks at nine white

women who joined the struggle. In Freedom Song(1987), Mary King, a

SNCC member, chronicles and criticizes that organization’s evolution. In

Going South(2001), Debra Schultz tells of northern Jewish women who

joined the movement. Sara Evans, Personal Politics(1979), connects the

civil rights and feminist movements.

Organizations

Scholars have lavished attention on groups that promoted equality and organ-

ized many of the protests. Aldon Morris’sThe Origins of the Civil Rights

Movement(1984), is a first-rate study that emphasizes the local black church.

Thomas Kreuger, And Promises to Keep(1968), and Linda Reed, Simple

Decency and Common Sense(1991), look at the pioneering Southern

Conference Movement.

Merl Reed, Seedtime for the Modern Civil Rights Movement(1991),

examines the FEPC.

Langston Hughes, Fight for Freedom (1962), and Charles Kellogg,

NAACP (1967), relate the vital contributions of the NAACP. Robert

Zangrando, The NAACP Crusade Against Lynching (1980), traces the

organization’s most important goal. Mark Schneider, ‘We Return Fighting’

(2002), looks at the NAACP’s crucial, but forgotten, work in the Jazz Age.

Walter White, A Man Called White(1948), and Roy Wilkins, Standing Fast

(1982), recount their leadership of the NAACP. Denton Watson, Lion in the

Lobby(1990), credits the NAACP’s Clarence Mitchell with getting major civil

rights bills through Congress.

Jesse Moore, A Search for Equality(1981), looks at the quiet contribu-

tions of the Urban League. Dennis Dickerson, Militant Mediator(1998), is

a biography of Urban League president Whitney Young who blended inter-

racial mediation with direct protest (1998).

August Meier and Elliott Rudwick, CORE(1973), studies that organiza-

tion for a generation after its inception.

James Dickerson, Dixie’s Dirty Secret(1998), Yasuhiro Katagiri, The

Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission(2001), Neil McMillen, The

Citizens’ Council(1971), and David Chalmers, Backfire(2003), examine

organized southern resistance to the civil rights movement.

Two encyclopedic treatments of SCLC are Adam Fairclough, To Redeem

the Soul of America(1978), and David Garrow, Bearing the Cross(1986).

Frank Adams and Myles Horton, Unearthing Seeds of Fire(1975), and

John Glen, Highlander(1988), examine the folk school’s vanguard role. In

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