Discovery of the Americas, 1492-1800

Sir Francis Drake 125
in 1800s 181m
exploration of 39, 79
horses in 177
languages in 175
Native American culture areas
in 20m
northern coast of 42–43
scientists in 172
Spanish power in 64
Treaty of Tordesillas 40
Amerigo Vespucci 42–43
South Georgia 43
Southwest (American) 150m
sovereign 186g
Spain and Spanish. See also spe-
cific headings,e.g.:Soto, Her-
nando de
attacks by Sir Francis Drake
on 124–126
belief in geography of 25
claims in California of 128
colonies of, in 1800s 181m
and colonization xvi, 174,
181 m
Christopher Columbus 1–9, 4,
5,7, 30
court 1, 4–5, 8, 14
declining power of 145
encomienda 34
expeditions to Peru and Chile
by, 1524–1542 73m
fading influence of 173–174
in 1492 13–15
land claims for 28, 45
language 175
Moors in 14
and Nootka Convention 163,
166, 167
power in New World of 64
problems with colonies of
174
search for La Salle’s expedi-
tion by 142–144
and shipbuiding 15, 17
Treaty of Tordesillas 40
Spanish Empire 14
speculator 186g– 187 g
speed of ships 19
Spice Islands 62
spices 15, 26, 75

Spruce, Richard 172

squash 178

stars, navigation by 18

starvation 95, 103

steamships 169

Steinen, Karl von den 172

Strait of Anian. SeeAnian, Strait

of

Strait of Juan de Fuca. SeeJuan de

Fuca, Strait of

Strait of Magellan. SeeMagellan,

Strait of

sugar 178–180

Sun, navigation by 18

sunflowers 179

surveying instruments 171

Suwannee River 97

swords 120

Syllacio, Nicoló 177

syphilis xv, 35

T

Tabasco 55

Tahiti 160

Taino Indians xv, 5, 5,6,7, 8, 10,

28,28–29, 35,49, 175

Talavera, Fray Hernando de 26

Talavera Commission 26

Tampa Bay 81, 94

Taos Pueblo 116, 140, 141

Tascalusa, Chief 99

taxation 57, 58

taxonomy 171

Teixeira, Pedro de 79

Tejo 107

Tenochtitlán xvi, 56–62

Terra Australis Incognita 125

“Terrestrial Paradise” 35

Texas xvi, 10, 85, 86, 102, 140,

143

Texcoco, Lake 57,58, 60

Thirteenth Amendment 180

Tierra del Fuego 125

Tiguex pueblos 116, 117

Timucua Indians 81, 82, 95,96,

97, 97

Titicaca, Lake 74

tobacco 6,29, 175, 175,179, 179,

180

Tobago 6

toll road 68

tomatoes 178

tombs 36

Tonti, Henri de 141

Tordesillas, Treaty of 40, 80

Toscanelli, Paulo 25

Totonac Indians 57

Tovar, Pedro de 110, 177

trade 11, 12, 14, 15, 52, 66, 116

trading raft 65, 66

travois 117, 187g

treason 46

treasure 76,99, 125

Triana, Rodrigo de 27

tribe 187g.See alsoNative Ameri-

can(s)

tributary 187g

tribute 57, 58

Trinidad 6, 34

Trinidad Bay 158

Tubac 153

tuberculosis 35

Tumbes 66

tuna 86

“the Turk.” SeeEl Turco

turquoise 103, 108, 187g

Tusuyan 110

U

Ulloa, Francisco de 64

United States xvi, 174, 175, 180

Ursua, Pedro de 79

Uruguay 49, 90

Utah 154–156

Ute Indians 155

Uxmal 51

V

Vaca, Álvar Núñez Cabeza de. See

Cabeza de Vaca, Álvar Núnez

Valdavia, Pedro de 79

Valdés, Cayetano 165, 166

Valverde, Vicente 70

Vancouver, George 159m,161,

164, 165,165–168, 166,

172–174

Vancouver Island 157, 158,162,

165,166, 166

Vatican 152

Vega, Garcilaso de la 105

Index B 205