colonies, 115, 171, 267, 268
explorations, 61, 105–106, 118–
119, 154–155
music, 114–115, 221
Protestantism in, 59, 157–158,
219
Renaissance in, 15, 16, 288
theater, 288–289, 302
trade, 307, 308
war with Spain, 105–106, 113,
115
See alsoChurch of England;
Hundred Years’ War;and in-
dividual kings and queens
Enlightenment, 88, 292
Epistolae Familiares(Cereta), 71
Epitome of Copernican Astronomy
(Kepler), 179
The Equality of Men and Women
(de Gournay), 98
Erasmus, Desiderius, 115–117, 160,
292
influence of, 14, 159, 283, 331
patrons, 114, 201
Protestantism and, 163, 192,
271
works of, 112, 158
Essays(Bacon), 38
Essays(Montaigne), 217
Essex, Earl of, 37, 268
Estates General, 209
Eugenius IV (pope), 91, 92, 117,
286
Europe, modern, 16–17
See also individual European
countries
Explorations, 117–119, 211–212,
290, 307, 308
English, 61, 105–106, 115, 118–
119, 154–155
French, 66, 119, 133, 134
Portuguese, 82, 97, 117–119,
156–157, 196–197, 200, 290,
308, 321
Spanish, 83–84, 99–100, 118–
119, 123–124, 196, 261
Expressionist style, 147
F
Fabriano, Gentile da, 254, 255
The Faerie Queene(Spenser), 115,
268, 293, 294
Farnese, Alessandro, 122, 201
Farnese Palace, 28, 97, 244
Fawkes, Guy, 171
Feast of St. Herod(Donatello), 103
Fedele, Cassandra, 122
Felix V (antipope), 92, 117, 229
Ferdinand I (Holy Roman
Emperor), 161, 250
Ferdinand I (king, Naples), 23, 24,
123, 206
Ferdinand II (Holy Roman
Emperor), 154, 302–303
Ferdinand II of Aragon (Ferdinand
V of Castile), 123–124, 145, 172
descendants, 73, 174
marriage, 16, 123, 157, 167, 174
support for Columbus, 83–84,
118
See alsoSpanish Inquisition
Fernando, Alvarez de Toledo, 124–
125
Ferrara (Italy), 112, 125, 241
Fiametta Amoroso(Boccaccio), 42
Fibonacci, Leonardo, 203
Ficino, Marsilio, 126, 128, 160, 260
Academy of Plato, 19, 185,
205–206
Neoplatonism, 227, 259
Field of the Cloth of Gold, 134,
327
Filocolo(Boccaccio), 42
Filostrato(Boccaccio), 42–43
First Blast of the Trumpet Against
the Monstrous Regiment of
Women(Knox), 180
First Book of Tuscan Works
(Battiferra degli Ammannati), 40
Flagellants, 126
The Flagellation(Piero della
Francesca), 252
Flemish school
music, 220, 227
painting, 47, 314
Florence (Italy), 12, 79, 126–128,
279
academies, 19–20, 54, 126, 317
architecture and art, 14, 28,
56–57, 128
banking, 245, 280, 308
humanism in, 126, 128, 206
patronage of artists, 238
Renaissance in, 21, 52
republic of, 76, 168, 195, 281–
282, 295
wars of, 117, 214, 215, 252
Flow My Tears(Dowland), 105
Fontana, Lavinia, 128
Fonte, Moderata, 129
Fonte Gaia (Siena), 265
Fornovo, Battle of, 75, 144, 199
Fortifications, 129, 190
Foscari, Francesco, 129–130
Foscari, Jacopo, 130
Foundling Hospital (Florence), 56
Fouquet, Jean, 130
Fra Angelico, 128, 130–131
France, 16, 20, 29, 131–133, 172,257, 301, 313–314, 326
Catholicism in, 50, 69, 132,
185, 267, 313
colonies, 66, 156, 308
explorations, 66, 119, 133, 134
invasion of Italy, 153, 176, 273,
279, 318
Protestantism in, 50–51, 132,
193, 209, 272
Thirty Years’ War, 302–303
See alsoHuguenots; Hundred
Years’ War; Italian Wars; Paris
(France)
Francis I (Francois, king, France),
27, 133–134, 155, 282, 313
alliances, 185, 234, 296
patronage of artists, 15, 132
wars of, 99, 153, 157
See alsoItalian Wars
Franco, Veronica (courtesan), 94,
134–135
Franks, 241
Frederick III (Holy Roman
Emperor), 35, 153, 229
The Free Seas(Grotius), 148
French (language), 12, 274
French Revolution, 50, 51
Fresco painting, 319
Frizer, Ingram, 202
Frobisher, Martin, 119
Fugger, Jakob, 14, 135
Fust, Johann, 151G
Galen, 207, 208
Galilei, Galileo, 16, 19, 137–138,
260
astronomical theories, 34, 69,
104, 179, 204
condemnation of, 160, 166, 271
influences on, 31, 88, 228
Galindo, Beatriz, 138–139
Galleons, 290
The Garden of Earthly Delights
(Bosch), 47–48
Gargantua(Rabelais), 267
Genoa, 77, 307, 318
Gentileschi, Artemisia, 139–140
Germany, 77–78, 80, 173, 263, 297,
307, 326
Catholicism in, 271
Protestantism in, 102, 185–186,
192, 210, 246, 272
See alsoLuther, Martin; Thirty
Years’ War
Gesualdo, Carlo, 140, 185, 221
Ghent Altarpiece(van Eyck), 315
Ghettoes, 76, 140–141, 172–173
Ghibelline faction, 25, 168, 291Index