Index I29Hurricane Katrina and, 863–864,
863 f
importance of, 177–178
painting of, 178f
Spanish control of, 94
steamboats and, 238
in War of 1812, 204
New Panama Canal Company,
604, 605
New Side Presbyterians, 86, 87
New Spain, 22–25, 55, 55f, 75
Newspapers
increase in numbers of, 249
mass-circulation, 525
in mid-nineteenth century, 290
New Sweden, 42
Newton, Sir Isaac, 88
“New” woman, 646–647
New World
See alsoColonies
Columbus’ discovery of, 21
Spanish empire in, 22–25
New York (state)
colony of, 42, 73, 74
Erie Canal and, 239, 241
ratification of Constitution
by, 153
slavery in, 132
New York Anti-Slavery Society, 282
New York Central Railroad, 337,
459, 465
New York City
battles of, during American
Revolution, 120–122, 121f
canals and, 240–241
Central Park, 290f
cholera epidemic in, 498
city bosses in, 540
as commercial center, 239–241
cultural life in, 502
electricity and, 465
Flatiron Building, 501f, 502
foreign-born population in, 496
Greenwich Village, 560
Harlem, 658m
immigrants in, 492m
minorities in, 625
population density in, 497
schools in, 491f
tenements in, 332–333, 497, 500
Time’s Square, 641f
New York Custom House, 533
New York Herald, 290
New York Journal, 525, 591
New York Life, 470
New York Pike, 236
New York Slave Revolt, 327t
New York society, 614–615
New York Stock Exchange, crash of
1929, 676–677
New York Sun, 290
New York Weekly Journal, 74–75
New York World, 525, 591
Nez Percé Indians, 441
Ngo Dinh Diem, 751, 768–779
Niagara(ship), 200f
Niagra movement, 580
Nicaragua, 605, 613, 805–806,
809, 812
Nicolay, John, 375
Niebuhr, Reinhold, 679
Nike, 808f, 809
Nimitz, Chester W., 728
Niña, 21
Nine-Power Treaty, 671, 672
Nineteenth Amendment, 566m,
578 f, 624, 647
NIRA.SeeNational Industrial
Recovery Act (NIRA)
Nixon, E. D., 759
Nixon, Richard M., 753f
Cambodia and, 785–786
domestic policy under, 788–789
election of 1960 and, 758,
760–761, 760f
election of 1968 and, 782–783
election of 1972 and, 787
foreign policy of, 786–788
as president, 783–785
resignation of, 792
Vietnam War and, 783–785, 788
Watergate scandal and, 789–792
White House tapes and, 791f
Yom Kippur War and, 798
Noble, Thomas S., 346f
Non-Intercourse Act, 164f, 190, 196
Noriega, Manuel, 814
Normalcy, 666
Norris, Frank, 520
Norris, George W., 689
North
abolishment of slavery in, 132
blacks in, in 19th century, 234
in Civil War. seeUnion
conditions of working class in,
332–334
effects of Civil War on economy
of, 389–390
fugitive slaves in, 346–347
industry in, 329–331
leaders in, in 19th century,
212–213
literacy rate in, 324
migration of African Americans to,
625–626, 657
secession crisis and, 367North, Lord, 107, 108, 109, 123
North, Oliver, 812
North Africa, during World
War II, 723
North America
European claims in, 94, 95m
Spanish explorers in, 23–24
North American Free Trade
Agreement (NAFTA), 853–854
North Atlantic Treaty, 744
North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO), 744
North Carolina, 65
agriculture in, 62
colony of, 41
ratification of Constitution by, 153
North Dakota
Dust Bowl and, 689
sod houses in, 445f
Northeast, family size in, 272, 274
Northern Pacific railroad, 448
Northern Securities Company,
569, 570
North Korea, 745–747, 754f, 859
North River Steam Boat(ship), 236
North Vietnam, 751, 768, 799
Northwest, British in, 159, 162,
304–305
Northwest Ordinance, 135–136,
214, 356
Northwest Territory, 129m
Norton, Mary Beth, 128
Nova Scotia, 27, 90
Novels, 290
Novick, Peter, 861
NOW. SeeNational Organization for
Women (NOW)
Noye, John Humphrey, 277
NRA.SeeNational Rifle Association
NSC-68, 745, 747m, 754f
Nuclear weapons, 750–751
Nuclear weapons treaties, 787,
803, 807
Nullification, 255, 258, 258–259
Nursing, 513
NWLB.SeeNational War Labor
Board (NWLB)
NYA. SeeNational Youth
AdministrationOAS.SeeOrganization of American
States (OAS)
Obama, Barack, 59f, 246, 296, 344,
370, 528, 824f, 825f
2008–2009 financial crisis and,
869–873
Afghanistan war and, 584–585,
764, 876–879