Index I35Roe v. Wade, 828–829, 829f, 835f,
851, 862
Rogers, W.A., 512
Rogers, Will, 653
Rolfe, John, 33
Roman Catholic Church.
SeeCatholic Church
Romance novels, 290
Romania, 814
Romanticism, 285–290, 518
Rommel, Erwin, 722, 723
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 699–700,
700 f, 827
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 702f
See alsoNew Deal
court-packing plan of, 696
election of 1932 and, 680–682,
681 m
election of 1936 and, 695
election of 1940 and, 706–707
fireside chats of, 686, 703, 707
first hundred days, 686–690
foreign policy of, 703–704
Great Depression and, 686–690
inaugural address by, 686
New Deal of, 682, 684–711
peace movement and, 672
Social Security and, 684–685
Stalin and, 732, 732–733
World War II and, 715, 719
at Yalta Conference, 733, 733f
Roosevelt, Quentin, 621
Roosevelt, Theodore, 533, 541
African Americans and, 580–581
big business and, 568–570
cattle ranching by, 453, 454
at Civil Service Commission, 537
coal strike and, 570–571
conservation and, 572
election of 1904 and, 571
election of 1912 and,
575–576, 581
expansionism and, 588
foreign policy of, 599, 602,
603–606
on muckrackers, 558
Native Americans and, 578
Panama Canal and, 604–605
as president, 567–572, 568f
progressivism and, 571–573
Spanish-American War and,
592, 593
split from Republican party,
574–575
Treaty of Portsmouth and, 603
triumphs of, 571–572
as vice president, 568
Roosevelt Corollary, 606f, 673
Roosevelt recession, 697
Root, Elihu, 571, 599, 605, 606
Root, John W., 501
Rosenberg, Julius and Ethel, 748
Ross, Robert, 202
Rossevelt Corollary, 599, 602
Rothstein, Arthur, 701f
Roughing It(Twain), 445
Rough Riders, 593
Royal governors, 82
Rubber industry, 697
Ruby, Jack, 771–772
Ruef, Abe, 561
Ruffin, Edmund, 322
Rumsfeld, Donald, 859
Runaway slaves, 350–351
Rural Electrification Administration
(REA), 694, 695f
Rural life, 485
Rural socialism, 561m
Rush, Benjamin, 209, 280
Rush-Bagot Agreement, 206
Ruskin, John, 523f
Russell, Charles, 437
Russell, Jonathan, 203
Russia, 95m
after breakup of Soviet Union, 814
purchase of Alaska from, 586
territorial claims of, 207
war between Japan and, 603
World War I and, 620
Russian Revolution, 620
Ruth, Babe, 650, 650f
Rye, 43Saber-toothed cats, 4
Sacajawea, 184
Sacco, Nicola, 654–655, 655f
Sac Indians, 256
Sadat, Anwar, 798, 803
Safety Fund System of New York, 262
Saigon, fall of, 799, 799f
Sailing packets, 335
Saint Augustine, Florida, 23, 25
Saint Domingue (Hispaniola), 178,
179 f, 233
Salem, settlement in, 36, 38
Salem witch trials, 68–70, 76–77
Salesmanship, in 1920s, 659
Salespersons, women as, 488
Sales tax, 158
Salinger, J. D., 778
Salisbury, Lord, 590
Saloons, 502
SALT. SeeStrategic Arms Limitations
Treaty
Salt Lake City, 278
Salutary neglect, 97Salvation Army, 505
Same-sex marriage, 835–836,
835 f, 862
Sampson, Deborah, 133f
Samuel Adams beer company, 112
San Antonio, Texas, 55
Sanchez, Linda, 844
Sanctuary (Faulkner), 692
Sand Creek, battle of, 438f
San Diego, California, 56, 304
Sandinistas, 812
San Francisco, California, 304, 311,
436, 561
San Francisco Conference, 732
Sanger, Margaret, 646, 647f
Sanitary Commission, 391
San Lorenzo, Treaty of, 162
San Salvador, 21, 22
Santa Anna, Antonio López de,
299, 316
Santa Maria(ship), 21
Santiago, Battle of, 593f, 594
Saratoga campaign, 122–123, 124f
Sargent, John Singer, 517, 615f
Saturday Night Massacre, 790
Saudi Arabia, Persian Gulf War and,
815–817
Savannah, Georgia, 65, 125
Saving Private Ryan(film), 726–727
Savings and loan (S&L) crisis, 817
Sawyer, Philetus, 530
Scalawags, 414–415
The Scarlet Letter(Hawthorne), 288
Schacht, Hjalmar, 703
Schecter v. United States, 694
Schelsinger, Arthur M., Jr., 494, 766
Schenck v. United States, 623f, 624
Schlafly, Phyllis, 831f
Schlesinger, Arthur M., 128, 261, 698
The School and Society(Dewey), 515
Schools
for blacks, 538
common, 291–292
desegregation of, 757–758, 787
Indian, 441f
in late-nineteenth century,
490–491
in New England, 70–71
segregation in, 756–757,
774–775, 774m, 775m
in southern colonies, 64
School shootings, 862–863
Schuller, Robert H., 841f
Schuyler, Philip, 123
Schwarzenegger, Arnold, 838
Schwarzkopf, Norman, 816
Science
advances in, 88