al-Qahir (932–934)
al-Radi (934–940)
FATIMIDS
‘Ubayd Allah (al-Mahdi) (909–934)
al-Qa’im (934–946)
al-Mansur (946–953)
al-Mu‘izz (953–975)
al-‘Aziz (975–996)
al-Hakim (996–1021)
al-Zahir (1021–1036)
al-Mustansir (1036–1094)
al-Musta‘li (1094–1101)
al-Amir (1101–1130)
al-Hafiz (1130–1149)
al-Zafir (1149–1154)
al-Fa’iz (1154–1160)
al-‘Adid (1160–1171)
Ottoman Emirs and Sultans
Othman (Uthman) (d.1324/1326)
Orkhan (1324/1326–1359/1360)
Murad I (1359/1360–1389)
Bayazid I (1389–1402)
Ottoman Civil War (1402–1413)
Mehmed I (1413–1421)
Murad II (1421–1444, 1446–1451)
Mehmed II the Conqueror (1444–1446, 1451–1481)
Bayazid II (1481–1512)
