A Short History of the Middle Ages Fourth Edition

Why God Became Man, 192
Ansgar (d.865), 139
antiking, 169
definition of, 330
Antioch, 6 –7, 53 , 119 –20, 171 –72, 198. See also Crusader States
principality of, 172
antipope, 301
definition of, 330
Antony, Saint (250–356), 10 , 27
Aquitaine, 61 , 289
Arabia, 41 , 50 , 53 , 75 , 89 , 123
Arabian Peninsula, 125
Arabic language, 57 , 73 , 93 , 126 , 179 , 214
Arabic numerals, 82
Arabs, 39 , 41 , 73 –74, 81 , 87 , 93 , 119
Aragon, 207 , 304
Aragonese, 212
Aratos (fl. 3rd cent. BCE)
Phainomena, 103
architecture. See also art
Byzantine, 84
Carolingian, 106
Cistercian, 186 , 189
Elements of a Gothic Church, 221
Gothic, 220 –28, 316
Model Romanesque Church, 187
in Renaissance Italy, 306 –7
Romanesque, 181 –84, 186 , 220 , 225
Arians/Arianism, 8 , 25 , 72 , 73
aristocrats/aristocracy, 5 , 60 –61, 63 –64, 66 , 72 , 96 –99, 102 , 130 , 133 –35, 163 , 169 , 203 , 213 , 297 , 306.
See also nobles/nobility
Aristotle, 91 , 126 , 179 , 266 –67
Arius, Alexandrian priest (250–336), 8. See also Arians/Arianism
Armenia, 81 , 157 , 159
army/armies
al-khurs (the “silent ones”), 93
Byzantine, 40 –41, 73 –74, 80 , 96 , 119 , 159 , 171 , 201