Asella, 10
Ashikpashazade, 287
Asia, 23 , 126 , 243 , 329
Asturias, 73 , 93
Athanasius, Saint, bishop of Alexandria (c.295–373), 8 , 10
Atlantic Ocean, 129 , 244 –45, 322 –24
Atsiz ibn Uwaq, 157 –58
Attila, Hunnic leader (d.453), 24
Augustine, archbishop of Canterbury, 65
Augustine, Saint, bishop of Hippo (354–430), 9 , 74 , 232 , 266
City of God, 9 , 23
Rule of, 231
Austrasia, 61 , 96
Austria, 121 , 186 , 212 , 324
Avars, 41 , 45 , 82 , 98 , 121
Averroes. See Ibn Rushd
Avicenna. See Ibn Sina
Avignon, 258 –59, 301 –2
Avignon Papacy, 259 , 301
Ayyubids, 200
Azores, 323 –24
Badr, battle of (624), 52
Baghdad, 53 , 87 –89, 93 , 96 , 123 –24, 127 , 144 , 242
Baglioni, Atalanta, 307
baillis, 208 , 255
Baldwin of Flanders, emp. (Latin Empire), 201
Baldwin II, king of Jerusalem, 173
Balkans, 22 , 34 , 41 , 80 , 119 , 158 –59, 201 , 283 , 287 –88, 324
Balthild, Merovingian queen (d.680), 63
Baltic Sea, 61 , 81 , 98 , 102 , 161 , 234 , 245
bannum (ban), 98 , 133
baptism, 83 , 129 , 139 , 148 , 159 , 251
barbarians, 1 , 4 , 20 –23, 25 , 34. See also names of individual Germanic tribes
Barbastro, battle of (1064), 167 , 175
Barcelona, 135 , 183
Bartholomew, doctor, 228 –29