A Short History of the Middle Ages Fourth Edition

Parlement (France). See estates; Estates General
Parliament (England), 254 –55
parliaments, 252 , 329. See also court/courts, political; cortes; estates; Estates General; Parliament
Parma, 250
Pascal III, antipope, 210
Pastoral Care (Gregory I), 74 , 137
Patrick, Saint, 65
Paul, Saint (d.c.67), 5
Pavia, 73 –74
Peace and Truce (of God), 134 , 160 , 170
peasants. See economy, rural
Pechenegs, 119 , 158 –59
Pelagius (d. after 418), 8 –9
Persepolis, 53
Persia, 29 , 39 , 41 , 50 , 53 , 87. See also Sasanid Empire
Persians, 4 , 34 , 39 , 41
Peter Damian, 166
Peter Lombard (c.1100–1160)
Sententiae, 179
Peter the Hermit, 170
Peter the Venerable, abbot of Cluny, 228 –29
Petka, 257
Petrarch, Francis (1304–1374), 259 , 305
Phainomena (Aratos), 103
Philip the Bold, duke of Burgundy (r.1364–1404), 292
Philip the Good, duke of Burgundy (r.1419–1467), 292 , 316 –17
Philip II Augustus, king of France(r.1180–1223), 205 , 207 –8, 210 , 233 –34, 255 , 289
Philip IV the Fair, king of France (r.1285–1314), 251 , 255 , 258 –59, 289
Philip VI, king of France, 289
Photius, patriarch of Constantinople (r.858–867, 877–886), 83 –84
Piacenza, 161 , 248 –50
Piast dynasty, 257
Piero di Cosimo (1462–1522)
Venus, Cupid, and Mars, 306 –7, 308 –9
Pippin III, king of the Franks (d.768), 75 , 97
Donation of (756), 97
Pisa, 163 , 183 –84, 213 , 245 , 284 , 301