Index
xī 西 (西面 xīmiàn, 西边/西邊 xībiān) ‘west’
47.1.1.2
xiàtou 下头/下頭 (下面 xiàmiàn) ‘below, under’
47.1
xiān 先... cái 才 ‘first... only then’ 42.3.2
xiān 先... zài 再 ‘first... then’ 42.3.1
xiàng 向 ‘to, toward’ (preposition)
action toward a reference point 14.2.2
in expressions of apology 63.1.3
in expressions of gratitude 61.1.1
movement toward a reference point 48.1.1
transfer of an object 14.2.5
xiàng 像 ‘resemble’ 11, 33.1.4, 33.2.4
xiāngdāng 相当/相當 ‘quite, relatively, rather’
10.3, 33.7, 60.1.1
xiàngxíng 象形 pictographs 3.3.1
xiǎoshí 小时/小時 ‘hour’ 49.1
xìng 姓 ‘family name’ 11.5, 22.1
xìngmíng 姓名 ‘name, family name and given
name’ 22.1
xīngqī 星期 ‘week’ 49.2.3, ‘this week’ 34.1,
‘every week’ 35.1, ‘next week’ 36.1
xíngshēng 形声/形聲 phonetic compound
characters 3.3.4
xuéqī 学期/學期 semesters 49.2.5
yàoburán 要不然 ‘otherwise’ 45.5
yàoshi 要是 ‘if’ 45.1
yě 也 ‘also’
expressing additional information 15.2.1, 40.1
in expressions indicating ‘every’ and ‘any’ 46.4
in expressions indicating exception and
inclusion 57.2.2, 57.2.3
years 年 nián 49.2.1
yes–no questions 28.1, 29.1.3
with action verbs 13.4
with adjectival verbs 10.2
with directional verbs 19.6
with modal verbs 12.6.2, 12.6.5
with resultative verbs 18.5, 32.4.3
yī 一 VP 1 就 jiù VP 2 ‘as soon as’ 6.9, 42.3.3
yībiān... yībiān... 一边/一邊... 一边/一邊
doing two actions at the same time 43.2.1
yī 一... 就 jiù VP 2 ‘as soon as... then’ 6.9,
42.3.2
yī fāngmiàn... yī fāngmiàn 一方面... 一方面
‘on the one hand, on the other hand’ 43.6
yǐhòu 以后/以後 ‘after’ 42.1.2.4, 42.4, 42.5
yǐjing 已经/已經 ‘already’
in expressions of age 30.7.1
in expressions indicating actions that continue
to the present 34.7
properties of adverbs 15.1
with duration expressions 39.1.2
with perfective aspect 17, 37.1
yīngdāng 应当/應當 ‘should’ 12.4.2, 50.1.2
yīnggāi 应该/應該 ‘should’ 12.4.2, 50.1.2
yīnwei 因为/因為 ‘because’ 44, responding to
questions about cause 28.6
yīnwei NP de guānxi 因为/因為 NP 的关系/關
係 ‘because of NP’ 44.2
yǐqián 以前 ‘before’ 42.1
comparing 以前 yǐqián ‘before’ and 以后/以後
yǐhòu ‘after’ 42.5
yīyàng 一样/一樣 ‘same,’ in structures indicating
similarity and difference 33.1, 33.2
yóu 由 ‘from’ (source of movement) 14.2.8
yǒu 有 ‘have, exist’
in comparisons 33.1.6
expressing duration with 有 yǒu 39.1.2
expressing existence with 有 yǒu 11.6.2,
29.3.1, 47.2
expressing possession with 有 yǒu 11.6.1, 29.2.1
expressing temperature with 有 yǒu 30.8.3
negation of 11.6.4, 28.1.4.2, 34.6, 37.4
yòu 又... yòu 又 ‘both... and’ 10.8, 40.9, 43.4
右边/右邊 yòubiān (右面 yòumiàn) ‘right side’
47.1
yóu yú 由于/由於 ‘because of, owing to’ 44.2
yú 于/於 ‘at, in, on’ 14.2.8, 62.1.3
yǔ 与/與 ‘and’ (formal context) 16.1.4
yuán 元/圓 ‘dollar’ 8.5
yuǎn 远/遠 ‘far,’ 47.4.1
yuànyi 愿意/願意 ‘willing’ 53.4
yuè 月 months 49.2.2
yuè 越 verb 1 yuè 越 verb 2 ‘the more verb 1 the
more verb 2 ’ 10.9.2, 12.6.4, 38.3.2
yuè lái yuè 越来越 ‘more and more’ 10.9.1,
12.6.4, 38.3.1zài 在
indicating actions in the present 30.2
indicating location ‘at, in, on’ 7.3, 11.7, 14.2.1,
43.1.3, 43.2, 58.1.3
zài 再 ‘again’
adverb referring to future time 36.2
expressing sequence 42.3.1, 48.7
in expressions conveying additional information
40.5
in expressions of goodbye 24.2.1, 24.2.2,
24.3.2, 58.4.1
requesting repetition 25.5
zài shuō 再说/再說 ‘say again’ 25.5, ‘moreover’
40.5
zánmen 咱们/咱們 ‘we’ (inclusive) 5.2, 5.2.2
zěnme 怎么/怎麼 ‘how’ 28.6
‘how do I address you?’ 22.5
‘how do you go’ 48.6.2
‘how do you say’ 25.6
‘no matter how’ 32.2.2.1, 46.4.3