244 Understanding Intuitive Decision Making
48 Whittlesea, B. W., Jacoby, L. L., & Girard, K. (1990). Illusions of immediate memory: Evidence of an attribu-
tional basis for feelings of familiarity and perceptual quality. Journal of Memory and Language , 29 (6), 716–732.
Witherspoon, D., & Allan, L. G. (1985). The effect of a prior presentation on temporal judgments in a
perceptual identification task. Memory & Cognition , 13 (2), 101–111.
49 Koriat, A., & Levy-Sadot, R. (1999). Processes underlying metacognitive judgments: Information-based
and experience-based monitoring of one’s own knowledge. In S. Chaiken & Y. Trope (Eds.), Dual-process
theories in social psychology (pp. 483–502). New York: Guilford Press.
Petty, R. E., Brinol, P., Tormala, A. L., & Wegener, D. (2007, p. 258). The role of metacognition in social
judgment. In A. W. Kruglanski & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (2nd
ed., pp. 254–284). New York: The Guilford Press.
50 Flavell, J. H. (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive-developmental
inquiry. American Psychologist , 34 (10), 906–911.
51 Alter, A. L., Oppenheimer, D. M., Epley, N., & Eyre, R. N. (2007). Overcoming intuition: Metacognitive
difficulty activates analytic reasoning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 136 (4), 569–576.
Dreisbach, G., & Fischer, R. (2011). If it’s hard to read... try harder! Processing fluency as signal for effort
adjustments. Psychological Research, 75(5), 376–383.
Hernandez, I., & Preston, J. L. (2013). Disfluency disrupts the confirmation bias. Journal of Experimental
Social Psychology, 49(1), 178–182.
52 Boksman, K., Théberge, J., Williamson, P., Drost, D. J., Malla, A., Densmore, M.,... Neufeld, R. W.
(2005). A 4.0-T fMRI study of brain connectivity during word fluency in first-episode schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia Research , 75 (2), 247–263.
53 See n51, Alter et al. (2007).
De Neys, W., Vartanian, O., & Goel, V. (2008). Smarter than we think when our brains detect that we are
biased. Psychological Science , 19 (5), 483–489.
54 Reber, R., & Schwarz, N. (1999). Effects of perceptual fluency on judgments of truth. Consciousness and
Cognition: An International Journal , 8 (3), 338–342.
See also Norwick, R., & Epley, N. (2003, February). Experiential determinants of confidence. Poster presented
at the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Los Angeles, California.
Werth, L., & Strack, F. (2003). An inferential approach to the knew-it-all-along effect. Memory , 11 (4–5), 411–419.
55 Novemsky, N., Dhar, R., Schwarz, N., & Simonson, I. (2007). Preference fluency in choice. Journal of
Marketing Research , 44 (3), 347–356.
56 Greifeneder, R., Alt, A., Bottenberg, K., Seele, T., Zelt, S., & Wagener, D. (2010). On writing legibly pro-
cessing fluency systematically biases evaluations of handwritten material. Social Psychological and Personality
Science , 1 (3), 230–237.
57 Huang, J. Y., Song, H., & Bargh, J. A. (2011). Smooth trajectories travel farther into the future: Perceptual
fluency effects on prediction of trend continuation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 47 (2), 506–508.
58 Shen, H., Jiang, Y., & Adaval, R. (2010). Contrast and assimilation effects of processing fluency. Journal of
Consumer Research , 36 (5), 876–889.
59 Rossiter, J. R., & Percy, L. ( 1980 ). Attitude change through visual imagery in advertising. Journal of Adver-
tising , 9 (2), 10–17.
60 Pallak, S. R. (1983). Salience of a communicator’s physical attractiveness and persuasion: A heuristic versus
systematic processing interpretation. Social Cognition , 2 (2), 158–170.
61 Rhodes, G., Halberstadt, J., & Brajkovich, G. (2001). Generalization of mere exposure effects to averaged
composite faces. Social Cognition , 19 (1), 57–70.
Winkielman, P., Halberstadt, J., Fazendeiro, T., & Catty, S. (2006). Prototypes are attractive because they
are easy on the mind. Psychological Science , 17 (9), 799–806.
62 See n46, Reber et al. (2004).
63 Middlewood, B. L., & Gasper, K. (2014). Making information matter: Symmetrically appealing layouts
promote issue relevance, which facilitates action and attention to argument quality. Journal of Experimental
Social Psychology, 53 , 100–106.
64 See n6, Winkielman & Cacioppo (2001).
65 Detenber, B., & Reeves, B. (1996). A bio-information theory of emotion: Motion and image size effects
on viewers. Journal of Communication , 46 (3), 66–84.
66 Eagly, A. H. (1974). Comprehensibility of persuasive arguments as a determinant of opinion change.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 29 (6), 758–773.
67 Reeves, B., Detenber, B., & Steuer, J. (1993, May). New televisions: The effects of big pictures and big sound
on viewer responses to the screen. Paper presented to the Information Systems Division of the International
Communication Association, Chicago.