Public Speaking Handbook

Index (^481)
Bar graphs, 297
Barrett, Harold, 80
Basic human needs, hierarchy of, 356–357, 359
Behavioral objectives, 141–142
Behavioral responses, in audience analysis,
126–127
Behaviors, changing or reinforcing, 347
Beliefs
in audience analysis, 115
changing or reinforcing, 346
in shared myths, using to persuade, 392–393
Benefits, 358
Berkeley Free Speech Movement, 52
Best, Joel, 172
Bibliographies, preliminary, 163
Blair, Tony, 414
Blastland, Michael, 429
Bloomberg, Michael, 425
Blueprints, 148–149
Bocelli, Andrea, 16
Body of speech, 38
Bombeck, Erma, 423
Bono, 231
Books, as supporting material, 160
Boolean searches, 156
Boom microphones, 275
Booth-Butterfield, Melanie, 22
Brainstorming, 136–137
Breathing, 22–23
Brief illustrations, as supporting material, 165
Broken wing posture, 264
Brooks, David, 248
Brown, Donald, 113–114
Bryan, William Jennings, 9
Bryant, Donald C., 394
Buffet, Warren, 4
Burke, Edmund, 9
Bush, Barbara, 428
Bush, George W., 57, 270, 414
C
Cadence, 247–249
Caesar, Julius, 123
Cameron, David, 167
Captive audiences, 116
Carey, Mariah, 16
Carlson, Tasha, 403–404
Causal fallacies, 386, 405
Causal reasoning, 380–381, 382, 383
Cause-and-effect organization, 188–189,
404–405, 408
before speaking, 105–120
customizing message and, 123–124
definition of, 101–102
demographic, 105–114
information gathering for, 98–101
for informative speeches, 336
nonverbal cues for, 120–123, 125–126
psychological, 115–117
situational, 117–120
while speaking, 120–124
Audience diversity
adapting to, 111–114, 242–244
analysis of, 105–111
delivery and, 276–278
diverse strategies for, 113–114
ethical speech and, 56–57
evidence and, 385
humor and, 220
information gathering about, 32
language and, 242–244
listening ethically and, 80–81
persuasive speeches and, 361–362
reasoning and, 381–382
Audience-centered delivery, 255
Audience-centered model of public speaking
audience analysis for, 97–98
audience as focus for, 30–31
central idea and, 143–144
delivery and, 280–282
evaluating speeches and, 85–87
group presentations and, 415–416
informative speeches and, 335–336
organizing speeches and, 183
persuasive speeches and, 97–98, 360, 361
presenting information that relates to
listeners and, 330
rehearsing and, 278–279
selecting and narrowing topic and, 133, 134
supporting material and, 155
workplace speaking and, 415
Audiovisual aids, 301–304
Auditory channel, 5, 6
Auditory learners, 327
Authoritarian leaders, 443
Authority, misplaced, appeals to, 388
Average style of communication anxiety, 19
Award presentations, 422
B
Baby boomers, 105–106
Bandwagon fallacy, 386
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