N
NASA 30, 52, 84
Nebulae 167, 174, 188–9, 221
composition 188
dark 167, 188, 189, 234, 257
HII regions 188
listed 189
Messier’s types 194
nomenclature 186
planetary 175, 188, 190, 245
size 189
star formation 174
Bubble 31
Butterfly 190
Coal Sack 167, 189, 257
Cone 31, 249
Crab (M1) 182, 183, 188, 191,
250
Dumbbell (M27) 188, 234
Eagle 174
Eskimo (NGC2392) 251
Flame 189
Flaming Star 252, 253
Ghost of Jupiter (NGC3242)
231
Great seeM42
Gum 188
Helix (NGC7293) 245
Hen 1357 188
Horse’s Head 189
Horseshoe seeM17
Lagoon (M8) 239
North America (NGC7000)
232
Omega seeM17
OrionseeM42
Owl (M97) 188
Ring (M57) 188, 232
Rosette (NGC2237) 249
Saturn (NGC7009) 245
Swan seeM17
Tarantula 193, 199, 260
Trifid (M20) 239
Neptune 124, 130–33
atmosphere 131
aurorae 131
brightness 63
clouds 130, 131
colour 130, 131
Dark Spot 2 130
discovery 122
future probes 133
Great Dark Spot 130, 131
layer structure 131
magnetic field 131
nomenclature 130, 131
planetary data listed 130
probes to 131
ring system 110, 131
satellites 132–3
the ‘Scooter’ 130, 131
synodic period 63
Trojan asteroid 93
and Uranus 122, 130, 131
Voyager probes 25, 104,112,
114, 132
wind velocity 131
Nereid (satellite of Neptune)
132–3
Neutrinos, from Sun 155
Neutron stars seePulsars
New General Catalogue see
NGC numbers
Newton, Isaac 12, 13, 142
first reflector telescope 14–15
Principia 13
principle of reaction 22
spectroscope 158
Next Generation Space
Telescope seeJames Webb
Space Telescope
NGC55 (spiral galaxy) 259NGC104 47 Tucanae (globular
cluster) 258
NGC147 (dwarf galaxy) 200
NGC205 (eliptical galaxy) 198,
200
NGC224 seeM31
NGC253 (spiral galaxy) 259
NGC362 (globular cluster)
258–9
NGC4755 242
NGC869 and 885 Sword-Handle
241
NGC2237 Rosette Nebula 249
NGC2244 (open stellar cluster)
249
NGC2391 (open stellar cluster)
254
NGC2392 Eskimo Nebula 251
NGC2419 (globular cluster) 253
NGC2516 (stellar cluster) 254
NGC3031 (barred spiral galaxy)
201
NGC3242 Ghost of Jupiter 231
NGC3504 (barred spiral galaxy)
201
NGC4881 195
NGC5128 Centaurus A (galaxy)
201, 256
NGC5694 199
NGC5981 seeM33
NGC6025 (globular cluster) 256
NGC6067 (open stellar cluster)
256
NGC6087 (open stellar cluster)
256
NGC6205 seeM13
NGC6253 seeM8
NGC6352 (globular cluster) 256
NGC6397 (globular cluster) 256
NGC6514 seeM20
NGC6611 seeM16
NGC6752 (globular cluster) 259
NGC7000 North America
Nebula 232
NGC7009 Saturn Nebula 245
NGC7217 (spiral galaxy) 201
NGC7293 Helix Nebula 245
NGC7479 (barred spiral galaxy)
201
Nitrogen geysers 132–3
Nomenclature
comets 138
constellations 166
Messier Catalogue 186
nebulae 186
NGC (New General Catalogue)
186
novae 181
stars 166, 259
stellar clusters 186
Norma (constellation) 256–7
North America Nebula 232
Northern Cross 232
Novae 180–1, 239
and cataclysmic variables 181
bright listed 181
dwarf 180, 251
light curve 181
nuclear reactions 180
origin 180
recurrent 181
spectroscopy 180
supernovae seeSupernovae
Blaze Star (T Coronae
Borealis) 181, 225, 236
BQ Herculis 180
GK Persei 180, 181
HR Delphini 180, 181
Nova Aquilae 180, 235
RR Pictoris 255
U Geminorum 251
V1500 Cygni 1975 180, 181Nuclear reactions
novae 180
stellar 94, 175O
Oberon (satellite of Uranus)
126, 127, 128–9
Observatories
distance, operation from 17
facilities in modern 17
high altitude 16
light pollution 16
sites 16
Anglo-Australian (AAT),
Siding Spring, Australia 16,
122
Antarctic Submillimetre
Telescope and Remote
Observatory (AST/RO) 17
Auckland, New Zealand 269
Berlin 130
Birr Castle, Ireland 194
Cerro Tololo, Chile 17
European Southern 18
Flagstaff, Arizona 76–7
Geneva 208
Greenwich 168
Hamburg 143
home 268–9
domes 268–9
planning permission 269
run-off shed 268
siting 269
Jodrell Bank 20
Kitt Peak, Arizona 17, 137
Kuiper Airborne 123
La Palma 16, 17, 201
La Silla, Chile 17, 18, 141
Las Campanas, Chile 17
Lilienthal 90
Lowell, Arizona 77, 94, 134,
135, 142, 195
Mauna Kea, Hawaii 16, 17,
38, 137
Mount Pastukhov 16–17
Mount Wilson, California 16,
18, 141, 194, 202
Palermo 90
Palomar 17, 123, 141, 202
Parkes radio astronomy, New
South Wales 202
Polar 17
Royal, Edinburgh 172
Samarkand 12
Steward, Arizona 182
Washington 80
Occultation 63, 122, 226, 228
discoveries resulting from 122
Pluto 134
Octans (constellation) 261
Octantis (South Polar Star) 261
Olbers, Heinrich 204
Olbers’ Paradox 204
Omega Centauri (globular
cluster) 187
Oort Cloud 137, 139
Halley’s Comet 141
Open clusters seeStellar clusters
Ophiuchus (constellation) 62,
168, 236–7
Oppositions 62–3
Orbiter probe 24, 50
Orion (constellation) 166, 170,
215, 248, 264, 265
Orion Nebula seeM42
Orrery 12P
P Cygni 181
Palitzsch (amateur astronomer)140
Pallas (asteroid) 90
Pan (satellite of Saturn) 112, 116
Pandora (satellite of Saturn)
112, 113, 116
Parsec 170, 204
Pavo (constellation) 259
Peary, Robert 148
Pegasi (Markab) (star) 242
Pegasus (constellation) 215,
217, 242–3
Penzias, Arno 206
Period-luminosity relationship
258
Perseus (constellation) 166, 241
Phaethon (asteroid) 92, 139
Pharos 132
Phobos probes 80–1
Phobos (satellite of Mars)
composition 81
orbit 81
origin 81
probes to 81
size 80
Stickney crater 80
surface 80
transits 80
Phoebe (satellite of Saturn) 116,
117, 119
Phoenix (constellation) 258
Pholus (asteroid) 137
Photography 18, 142, 250, 252
amateur 264
colour enhanced 79, 98, 115
colour images, reconstruction
109
Faint Object Camera (FOC)
30, 136
false colour 113
film 170, 265
from space probes 24, 78
Halley Multi-colour Camera
141
infra-red 122
proper motion of stars 170
stellar sky mapped 142
subjects 219, 229, 230, 236,
259
artificial satellites 170, 264
asteroid tracks 90
globular clusters 235
Local Group 199
Mars 79
meteors 146, 264
Moon 46
solar eclipses 161
stars 170, 264–5
Sun 153
Venus 71
Wide Field and Planetary
Camera 30, 109, 179
Wide Field Planetary Camera 2
(WFPC-2) 31, 125, 131,
185, 205
Photosynthesis 36
Piazzi, G. 90
Pickering, E. C. 177
Pickering, W. H. 117, 126
Pictor (constellation) 254–5
Pinwheel seeM33
Pioneer probes
Pioneer 2 72
Pioneer 10 98, 162
Pioneer 11 98, 99, 108, 111,
112, 114, 162
Pisces (constellation) 168, 242–3
Piscis Australis (constellation)
245
Planetary nebulae seeNebulae
(planetary)
Planetesimal 137
Planetoids 34Planets 34
conjunctions 62
data listed 35
distances from Sun 90
earliest observed conjunction
12
‘inferior’ 62
magnetospheres 41, 98–9, 108,
124
movements of 62
oppositions 62–3
planet forming material 246–7,
254–5
possible stars as centres for
167, 259
satellites 34
speeds compared 196
superior 62
systems beyond Sun 208,
246–7, 261
undiscovered 34, 137, 246–7
visibility of 63
see also individual planets
Plaskett’s Star (star) 172
Plate tectonics 38
Pleiades seeM45
Plough seeUrsa Major
Pluto 34, 134–5
atmosphere 134
brightness 63
Charon 134, 135
discovery 134
movements 62
next aphelion 134
nomenclature 134
origin 135
planetary data listed 35, 135
possible planetesimal 137
size 134
spectroscopic study 134–5
surface 136
Poczobut (astronomer) 236
Pointers to the Southern Cross
256
Polaris (star) 36, 63, 168, 220
Pole star seePolaris
Pollux (binary star) 177, 251
Pons, Jean Louis 139
Populations I and II 196, 224
Praesepe (cluster) 186
Praxidike (satellite of Jupiter)
103
Precession 168, 169
Prentice, J. P. M. 180, 234
Principia(Newton) 13
probes seeSpace probes
Proctor, R. A. 109, 114
Procyon (star) 248
Project Ozma (Project Little
Green Man) 208
Prometheus (satellite of Saturn)
112, 113, 116
Proper motion 170, 236
Prospector lunar probe 52–3
Prospero (satellite of Uranus)
126, 127
Proteus (satellite of Neptune) 132
Protostar 174
Proxima Centauri (red dwarf
star) 170, 177, 256
Ptolemy of Alexandria 12, 212,
229, 234, 238, 239, 256, 260
catalogues 166, 223, 231
Pulsars 175, 182, 184
gravity 183
mass 183
optical identification 250
origin 175
quickest spinning 182
Puppis (constellation) 215, 255
Pyramids 12, 37, 167, 168ATLAS OF THE UNIVERSE
Index
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