Q
QSOs (Quasi-Stellar Radio
Sources) 202
Quaoar 34, 137
Quasars 185, 202–3
age 202
and BL Lacs 202, 223
and companion galaxies 203
‘bridges’ between 202
discovery 202
distance 202
galaxies, connected to 202
host galaxies 203
0316-346 203
3C-272 202
HE 1013-2136 202
PKS 2349 (quasar) 203
Queloz, Didier 208R
R Aquarii (symbiotic or
Z Andromedae type star) 244
R Arae (Algol-type eclipsing
binary) 256
R Carinae (Mira star) 254
R Cassiopeia (Mira star) 222
R Centauri (Mira variable star)
256
R Coronae Australis (erratic
variable star) 239
R Coronae Borealis (eruptive
variable star) 179, 225, 239
R Dôradus 172
R Horologii (Mira variable star)
260
R Hydrae (variable star) 230
R Leporus (Crimson Star) 249
R Scuti (variable star) 234
Rabinowitz, D. L. 137
Radar
asteroids, discovery 92
observations of Mercury 66
Venus mapped 72, 74–5
Radiation 40
after Big Bang 206
background 20, 206
from pulsars 183
Radio astronomy 22–3, 196, 202
Cambridge catalogue 202
interstellar communication 208
mass transfer 178
Project Ozma 208
quasars, discovery 202
Very Large Array telescope
196
Radio emissions
Algol 241
Antares supergiant 238
Cassiopeia A 183
Centaurus A 256
galaxies 196, 201, 229, 246
M77 (Seyfert spiral galaxy)
246, 247
neutral hydrogen 196
Quasars 202
Quasi-Stellar Radio Sources
(QSOs) 202
Saturn 108–9
supernovae 179, 182–3, 222
Virgo A (3C-274; M87) 229
waves 20, 40
Ranger space probe 50
Rasalgethi (supergiant star) 234,
236
Ray-centres 44, 45, 54, 65
Red dwarf star 173, 177
Red giant star 175, 177
Red supergiant star 177, 238
Regor (Wolf-Rayet double star)
254
Regulus (white star) 155, 226Reticulum (constellation) 260
Retrograde motion
asteroids 132
Neptune satellites 132
Venus 70
Rhea (satellite of Saturn) 113,
116, 117, 119
Riccioli (astronomer) 44
Rigel Kent (Rigel Kentaurus) see
Alpha Centauri
Rigel (type B8 star) 166, 170,
248
HR Diagram 173
Right ascension 168
Ring Nebula seeM57
Ritchey, G. W. 141
Roche limit 110
Rockets 22–3
M-3SII-6 162
compound launchers 22
liquid fuel 22
principle of reaction 22, 23
progress 23
V2 22, 23
Röntgen satellite (ROSAT) 24
Rosette Nebula 249
Rosse, Earl of 15, 188, 194, 200,
219
Rowan-Robinson, Michael 201
Royal Society of London 14
Royer (astronomer) 213
RR Lyrae type stars 173, 178,
179, 219
RR Pictoris (nova) 255
RR Telescopii (variable star) 256
Russell, Henry Norris 172S
S/2002 N1, N2 and N3 (satellites
of Neptune) 132
S Andromedae (supernova of
1885) 183, 199, 240
S Monocerotis (star group) 249
Sagan, Carl 88
Sagitta (constellation) 234
Sagittarius (constellation) 166,
196, 238–9
Sagittarius A* 196, 197
Saiph (star) 248
Saltation 76
Satellitessee under individual
planets
Satellites, artificial
South Atlantic Anomaly 41
orbits 24
photographing 170
Chandra 25
Explorer 1 41
IRAS (Infra-Red
Astronomical Satellite) 197,
208, 232, 245, 246
ROSAT (Röntgen satellite) 24
Sputnik 1 20
TRACE 163
Yohkoh X-ray 162
Saturn 33, 34, 108–15, 229
belts 108
colour 108, 114
comets, Saturn’s effect on 108
density 108
from Earth 108
gravitational pull 108
jet-streams 114
Jupiter compared 108, 114
and Jupiter’s magnetosphere 98
magnetosphere 108
meteors, Saturn’s effect on 146
missions to 25, 108, 112, 114–5
nomenclature 108
occulation of the Moon 63
orbit 108, 110periods of rotation 108, 114
planetary data listed 35, 109
polar regions 114, 115
radiation 108, 109
radio pulse 108–9
ring system 110, 113
aspects from Earth 110
Cassini Division 109, 110,
111, 112
composition 110, 112
data listed 111
distances listed 111
edgewise presentation
intervals 110
Encke Division 109, 111,
112, 116
magnetic effects 112
orbital speeds 112
origin of 113
particle size 112
periods listed 111
‘spokes’ 112
temperature 112
A 108, 109, 112
B 108, 109, 112, 113
C (Crêpe or Dusky Ring)
110, 111, 112
D 111, 112
E 111, 113
F ‘Braided’ 111, 112, 113
G 113
satellites 116–21
data listed 111, 116
features listed 118–9
gravitational effects 112
maps 118–9
orbits shown 116
rotation 119
telescopic observation 117
Atlas 112
Calypso 117
Dione 116, 117, 118, 119
Enceladus 111, 113, 116, 118
Epimetheus 116
Hyperion 116, 117, 119
Iapetus 116, 117, 119
Janus 116
Mimas 110, 111, 116, 118
Pan 112, 116
Pandora 112, 113, 116
Phoebe 116, 117, 119
Prometheus 112, 113, 116
Rhea 113, 116, 117, 119
Telesto 117
Tethys 111, 116, 117, 118
Themis 117
Titan 42, 108, 114, 116,
120–1
spots 114, 115
Anne’s Spot 114
time interval between 114
structure 108
surface 108, 114
temperature 114
visual identification 264
Saturn Nebula 245
Scattered Disk objects 137
Schiaparelli, G. V. 68, 76
Schmidt, Maarten 202
Schmitt, Dr Harrison 50
Schröter, Johann Hieronymus 90
Schwarzschild radius 184
Scorpius (constellation) 217, 238
Sculptor (constellation) 31, 259
Scutum (constellation) 234
Secchi, Angelo 228
Sedna 34
Seismic waves 38, 39
Serpens (constellation) 174, 237
Setebos (satellite of Uranus)
126, 127
Seven Sisters seeM45Sextans (constellation) 227
Seyfert, Carl 201
Shapley, Harlow 187, 194
Shaula (star) 238
Shepard, Commander Alan 26,
50
Shoemaker, Eugene 92, 100
Shoemaker, Carolyn 100
Shooting stars 34, 146–7
Sigma Octantis (star) 168
Sirius (star) 12, 108, 166, 167,
168, 170, 172, 175, 215, 216,
217, 248
brightness 167
HR Diagram 173
magnitude 167
nomenclature 166
Sky maps 166
Skylab space station 28, 162
Slayton, Deke 26
Smette, Alain 137
Smyth, Admiral 255
Sojourner rover 88
Solar and Heliospheric
Observatory 162
Solar Maximum Mission (SMM)
162
Solar spectrum 158–9
Solar System 34–7, 195
age 34
boundaries 137
divisions 34
extent 34
relative speed of planets 196
Solar wind 162
effect on comets 138
and Jupiter 99
and Mercury 64
‘Sols’ 76
Solstice 37
Southern Cross seeCrux Australis
Space exploration 17, 23
Apollo see Apollo space
missions
benefits from 40
early ideas for 22
failures 26, 81
future 25
manned missions 26–7
deaths 26
first 26
Moon landing 27
most dangerous mission 30
Mercury seeMercury
programme
search for life 86–7
Soviet Union 26, 78, 81
Space Shuttle seeSpace Shuttle
space stations 28–29
on Martian satellite 81
Mir 23, 28–9
Skylab 28, 162
space walks 27
Vostok seeVostok programme
see alsoSpace probes
Space probes
escape velocity 24
future 25
gravity-assist technique 25,
64, 164
interplanetary 24
missions to Saturn 108, 114–5
to asteroid Eros 90
to Moon 24, 43, 48, 50, 57
Cassini 32–3, 95, 97, 113,
114–5, 120–1
Deep Space 1 25, 145
Friendship 7 26–27
Galileo 51, 90, 98, 99, 100,
101, 102, 104–5
Giotto 25, 140, 141
Huygens 120–1Lunik (Lunar) 24, 43, 48, 50
Lunokhod 1 57
Magellan 72–5
Mariner seeMariner probes
Mars Express 89
Mars Global Surveyor 85, 88
Mars Observer 81
Mars Odyssey 87
Mars Pathfinder 84, 88
Microwave Anisotropic Probe
207
NEAR 90, 92, 93
Orbiter 24, 50
Phobos probes 80–1
Pioneer seePioneer probes
Ranger 50
Solar and Heliospheric
Observatory 162
Solar Maximum Mission
(SMM) 162
Stardust 145
Surveyor 50
to Halley’s Comet 25
to Mars 81, 86–9
to outer planets 25
to Sun 162
to Venus 70, 71, 72–5
Ulysses 23, 98, 103
Venera 70, 71
Viking seeViking probes
Voyager seeVoyager probes
see alsoSatellites, artificial
Space Shuttle 26, 28
Atlantis 74
Challenger 26
Columbia 26
Discovery25, 26, 30
Endeavour11, 30
Spectroheliograph 159
Spectroscope 158, 172
Spectroscopic binary stars 177,
238
Spectroscopy 20, 158, 172, 177,
188
Ångström 20
asteroids 90
Fraunhofer lines 158–9, 171
Hertzsprung–Russell (HR)
Diagrams 172, 173
Jupiter 94
Main Sequence 172, 174, 175,
178, 179, 189
nebulae 188, 221
Newton 158
novae 181
Pluto 134
Secchi 228
stars 172, 173, 177, 225, 228
T Coronae 225
Titan 120
to find age of universe 204
to find galactic velocity 202,
204
to find star distance 170, 202
Spectrum
electromagnetic 162
emission 159
Fraunhofer lines 158–9, 171
solar 158–9
stellar 172, 173
Spica (star) 217, 228
Spirit and Opportunity rovers 89
Spörer, F. W. 157
Spry, Reg 269
Sputnik 1 20
SS Cygni (cataclysmic variable
star) 179
‘Standard candles’ 178
Star of Bethlehem 141
Star catalogues
17th century 166
Baghdad school 12INDEX
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