956 Index
oceans
Earth
circulation, 179–180
salinity, 180–181
structure, 179
internal, Callisto/Ganymede, 452–454
magma, lunar highland crust, 245
on other worlds, 181–182
Oceanus Procellarum (Moon), 228
shield volcanoes/domes, 832
octahedrites, 270
Odysseus crater, Saturn, 376
OGLE.SeeOptical Gravitational
Lensing Experiment
Olbers, Heinrich, 60
Olbers, Wilhelm, 69
Oldhaim, Richard, 67
Olmsted, Denison, 64
Olympus Mons shield volcano, Mars, 833
Olympus Mons volcano, Mars, 321
Oort, J. H., 6
Oort cloud, of comets, 6, 49, 582–584,
586–588
Ophelia, satellite, Uranus, 508
Öpik, Ernst, 287
Opportunityrover, Mars, 303, 327, 328
Optical Gravitational Lensing
Experiment (OGLE), 898
orbital evolution
minor bodies, 800–805
asteroids, 800–803
comets, 804
meteorites, 804
small satellites/rings, 804–805
orbital mechanics, of Kepler, 889
orbital planetary science, 776–777
orbital resonances
Asteroid Belt, 47
Europa, 433
Io, 419
Orbiter, Venus mission, 139
orbit(s)
asteroids, 353–356
chaotic, 797–800
Charon, 544–545
comets, 287
Earth, dust ring, 687
extrasolar planets, 890
Io, 420
Jupiter, 289
Keplerian, 632
Mars, 311, 313, 317, 320
Mercury, 119
Moon, 228
Neptune, satellites, 381
planets/dwarf planets, 4
Pluto, heliocentric, 542, 543–544
regular, 796–797
of small bodies, 790–794, 806–809
Triton, 483–484
Venus, 151
Orientale impact basin, Moon, 125, 824
origin, Solar System, 133–135, 605
Orion Nebular,HSTimage, 31
orphan trails, comets, 690
ortho-topara-hydrogen (OPR) ratio, 571
outcrops, Mars landing sites, 340–341
outer solar system
dust detection, 630
Kuiper Belt, 304
outflow channels, Mars
distribution, 309
Ravi Vallis, 308
oxygen, isotopes, meteoritic, 262–263
ozone levels
Mars, 664–665
nitric oxide, 223P-class asteroids, 362
p-mode oscillations, neutrinos, 74
P-wave velocity, Moon, 235
palimpsests Ganymede, Jupiter, 451
Pan-STARRS telescope, 732
Pangaea supercontinent, 194
Panorama Camera (Pancam), 332
Parker, E. N., 20
Parker spiral, interplanetary magnetic
field, 216
Parker’s model, of solar wind, 100,
101–102
particle acceleration, in solar flares, 90
particulates, extraterrestrial, 20
Pavonis Mons shield volcano, Mars, 833
Pavonis volcano, Mars, 319
Peekskill meteorite, 255–256
Pegasi, extrasolar planet, 893–894
penetration detectors
interplanetary dust, 628
PolyVinylidine Fluoride film, 628
permafrost zone, Mars, 318
perturbations
planetary, 790–794
Keplerian motion/resonances, 791
Peters, Carol, 65
Phobos satellite, Mars, 370, 371,
373–374, 882
phosphine, atmosphere, Jupiter/Saturn,
387
photochemical species, Neptune, 389
photometric lightcurves, 654
photometry, satellite observations,
371–372
photons
solar ultraviolet, Venus atmosphere,
142
and theory of relativity, 890
photosphere, Sun
granulation/convection, 76magnetic field, 76–77
sunspots, 77–78
phreato-magmatic volcanic activity,
845–846
physical properties
asteroids, 691–692
Centaur objects, 606
chromosphere/transition region, Sun,
78
giant planets, 384
Jupiter, 384
Kuiper Belt objects, 606
Moon, 228–230
Moon, albedo, 229
near-Earth objects, 291–295
NEOs, 291–292
Neptune, 384
satellites, 366–369
Saturn, 384
Uranus, 384
physiography
Earth, 154
Mars surface and interior
chaotic terrain, 319
Tharsis bulge, 319–320
Venus, 151
Pickering, William, 63
Pilcher, Carl, 450
Pioneer 6-9missions, Sun/heliosphere,
874
Pioneer 8/9mission, dust experiments,
629
Pioneer 10Jupiter mission, 421, 451, 885
Pioneer 11Jupiter mission, 451, 885
Pioneer Venus Large Probe, 144
Pioneer Venus Multiprobe, 139, 140
Pioneer Venus Orbiter, 140–141
plains
Europa, ridged, 445
Mercury
intercrater, 125, 127, 128
smooth, 128–129
Planck’s law, radiation, 697
planetary bodies, and thermal emission,
697–707
planetary dust streams, 630–631
from Jupiter, 630
from Saturn, 630–631
planetary dynamos, field generation
theories, 454–455
planetary motion laws (Kepler), 3–4
planetary radar astronomy
asteroid measurements
binary systems, 760
collision prediction/prevention,
760–761
disk-integrated properties, 755–757
imaging/shape construction,
757–760