Roman Studies, 1981. There is a good general account in C. Nicolet, Rome et la conquete du monde
mediterraneen, ii: Genese d'un empire (Paris, 1978); cf. also R. M. Errington, The Dawn of Empire:
Rome's Rise to World Power (Ithaca, NY, 1972).
E. Badian has followed up his important Foreign Clientelae (Oxford, 1958), with Roman Imperialism in
the Late Republic (Oxford, 1968) and Publicans and Sinners (Oxford, 1972). The first two sections of K.
Hopkins, Conquerors and Slaves (Cambridge, 1978) deal with the transformation of Italian agriculture
and economic life as a result of expansion; for negotiatores abroad, see A.J.N. Wilson, Emigration from
Italy in the Republican Age of Rome (Manchester, 1966), less readable than J. Hatzfeld, Les Trafiquants
italiens dans l'orient hellenique (Paris, 1919). See also J. H. D'Arms, Commerce and Social Standing in
Ancient Rome, (Cambridge, Mass. 1981); and M. H. Crawford, 'Rome and the Greek World: Economic
Relations', Econ. Hist. Review, 1977; for the trade in corn, the first two chapters of G. Rickman, The
Corn Supply of Ancient Rome (Oxford, 1980).
For study of individual figures, see F.W. Walbank, Philip V of Macedon (1940, repr. Hamden, Conn.,
1967); R. M. Errington, Philopoemen (Oxford, 1969—Philopoemen was a leading figure in the Achaean
League, admired by Polybius for his attitude to Rome); A. E. Astin, Scipio Aemilianus (Oxford, 1967)
and Cato the Censor, (Oxford, 1978).
For the East, see A.H.M. Jones, The Greek City from Alexander to Justinian (Oxford, 1966) and D.
Magie's massive Roman Rule in Asia Minor (Princeton, 1950), also D. C. Braund, Rome and the
Friendly King (London, 1984) and R. Mellor, Thea Rhome: The Worship of the Goddess Roma in the
Greek World (1975), also, now A. N. Sherwin-White, Roman Foreign Policy in the Greek East (London
1984) and E. S. Gruen, The Hellenistic World and the Coming of Rome (California 1984), neither
available when this chapter was written.
For Roman attitudes to foreigners, J.P.V.D. Balsdon's Romans and Aliens (London, 1979).
- The First Roman Literature (By P.G. McC. Brown)
There is an excellent survey of Early Latin Literature by A. S. Gratwick in The Cambridge History of
Classical Literature, II, Latin Literature (1982), 60-171 (this survey forms the bulk of the first volume of
the paperback edition of the Cambridge History, 'Part I: The Early Republic').
The Loeb Classical Library includes complete texts with translations of Plautus (in five volumes) and
Terence (in two volumes); the fragments of Ennius are included in the volume Remains of Old Latin, I.
In the Penguin Classics series nine plays of Plautus have been translated by E. F. Watling and all the
plays of Terence by Betty Radice. There are also lively translations of selected plays of Plautus by Erich
Segal (Miles Gloriosus, Menaechmi, Mostellaria: London, 1969), Christopher Stace (Rudens, Curculio,
Casina: Cambridge, 1981) and James Tatum (Bacchides, Casina, Truculentus: Baltimore, 1983). John